{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","uuid":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","normalized_title":"后工作时代平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","isbns":["9787532792511"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":145,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%90%8E%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%9A%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/search"},"page":{"printed_page":42,"pdf_page":46,"physical_index":46,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"bbb2c22c7b4284bcdc0ac6769ee06553944942044befb400f9535bb739b5098a"},"chapter":"第一章硅谷的剩余劳动力","content":"Mechanical Turk等网站表明，某些服务工作的自动化或许永远都不会导致其完全机械化，而是产生出人机混合体。在一些历史证明难以自动化的工作中，机器学习将生产力收益微小的任务排除在外，并通过具体任务和管理功能的半自动化、劳动的超细分工和实时外包将其解决。当某些任务被自动化的时候，另一些原本受限于地理的任务可以自由地在全球范围内漫游，以寻求廉价劳动力来获利。结果就是，曾经正常支付薪酬的工作不仅被无产阶级化，而且在默认情况下被非正规化，被分割为低薪、不稳定的计件工作，同时脱离了对薪酬和权利提供法律保护的监管框架。微工作不受任何特定法律的约束，从而解除了工人、雇主和工作场所之间的法律关系。正如杰米·伍德科克和马克·格雷汉姆所说，“纽约的小企业可以今天在内罗毕雇用一名自由职业抄写员，明天在新德里雇用一名自由职业抄写员。无需建造办公室或工厂，无需遵守当地法规，而且在大多数情况下无需缴纳地方税”。〔1]\n\n从另一个更加明显的意义上说，微工作网站让低技能服务工作和自动化系统进行更加密切的合作。微工作培训、调节和纠正人工智能，通过这种方式向人工智能展示如何发挥劳动力的作用，即使其中一些技术从未成为资本主义经济的一般条件。为了让自动驾驶汽车避免交通事故，让聊天机器人理解谈话线索，让自动交易程序承担合理风险，首先必须让机器学习用干净的、带注释的数据进行训练；\n\n[1] Mark Graham and Jamie Woodcock, The Gig Economy: A Critical Introduction, Polity, 2019, p. 54.\n\n42","previous_page":41,"next_page":43}