{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","id":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","uuid":"93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title":"后工作时代：平台资本主义时代的劳动力","normalized_title":"后工作时代平台资本主义时代的劳动力","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532792511","isbns":["9787532792511"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":145,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%90%8E%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%EF%BC%9A%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/93d97921-01f1-48cb-976b-1fe80778bb33/search"},"page":{"printed_page":55,"pdf_page":59,"physical_index":59,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3ad3e6aae6dd67555f93cf124e6cea1d9c433d861356cdeff13120547730aabe"},"chapter":"第三章作为服务的人类","content":"在这些网站助长的盗窃工资的众多方式中，最有效的方式是支付方式本身。透过自动驾驶汽车和送货无人机的光彩夺目的盛况，我们会发现硅谷最令人惊叹的节省劳动力的手段之一，就是回到19世纪的经济。让雇主按成品支付的计件工资比其他支付方式更容易盗走工资。我们不要忘记，正是由于这个原因，马克思将计件工资视为“最适合资本主义生产方式的工资形式”。[2]计件工资是维多利亚时代资本主义模式的一个共同特征，但这一特征在全球北方几乎完全消失了，随着20世纪的合理化进程，任务被标准化并按小时支付工资。但计件工资依然是全球南方庞大的非正规领域中最常见的支付方式，对于那些被迫在经济系统边缘谋生的人来说这只是一条虚假的生命线——这些人包括人力车夫和拾荒者，以及为国内或全球供应链分包工作的血汗工厂工人。\n\n美国和欧洲恢复计件工资，是以用粗略方式解决服务业生产力难题为前提的。由于食品、邮政投递和会计等工作没有简单的自动化解决方案，Deliveroo和 Upwork等网站善解人意地为专业人士和不稳定的无产者重新构想了维多利亚时代的资本主义，在一系列曾经支付薪水的职业中引入计件工作，从而将工人推向残酷的生存困境。Mechanical Turk网站也是如此，在该网站上，严格的质量标准通常不如纯粹的速度重要。人工智能已经可以完成微工作网站上列出的许多任务，但在完成速度方面，工人仍然占据上风。[1]鉴于Mechanical Turk上的5分钟人类智能任务可以低至20美分，工人必须快速工作，仅仅是为了满足日常生活的需求。\n\n[1] Kotaro Hara, Abi Adams, Kristy Milland, Saiph Savage, Chris Callison-Burch, and Jeffrey P. Bigham, 'A Data-Driven Analysis of Workers's Earnings on Amazon Mechanical Turk', Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 2018, pp. 1—14.\n\n[2] Karl Marx, Capital Volume 1, Penguin Classics, 1990, pp. 697—698.\n\n55","previous_page":54,"next_page":56}