{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"98a6c6ef-8d0b-4a2a-9c10-0b5a4dd59268","title":"社会的构成 结构化理论纲要","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300227504","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"98a6c6ef-8d0b-4a2a-9c10-0b5a4dd59268","id":"98a6c6ef-8d0b-4a2a-9c10-0b5a4dd59268","uuid":"98a6c6ef-8d0b-4a2a-9c10-0b5a4dd59268","title":"社会的构成 结构化理论纲要","normalized_title":"社会的构成结构化理论纲要","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300227504","isbns":["9787300227504"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":461,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/98a6c6ef-8d0b-4a2a-9c10-0b5a4dd59268","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%84%E6%88%90%20%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8C%96%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/98a6c6ef-8d0b-4a2a-9c10-0b5a4dd59268/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/98a6c6ef-8d0b-4a2a-9c10-0b5a4dd59268/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/98a6c6ef-8d0b-4a2a-9c10-0b5a4dd59268","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/98a6c6ef-8d0b-4a2a-9c10-0b5a4dd59268/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/98a6c6ef-8d0b-4a2a-9c10-0b5a4dd59268/search"},"page":{"printed_page":265,"pdf_page":298,"physical_index":298,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"74caaf432f5d6174f421ff1f4fe74ec71e133715bec132abd282f7b79d1a8089"},"chapter":"第六章结构化理论、经验研究和社会批判","content":"第六章结构化理论、经验研究和社会批判\n\n1. 重申基本概念\n\n在本章的开头，扼要概述一下前面各章出现的一些基本概念，对读281者也许会有一些帮助。我将这些概念总结成几个要点，合而观之，就体现出在结构化理论里面最普遍地牵涉到社会科学中许多经验研究问题的那些方面。\n\n（1）所有的人都是具有认知能力的行动者。也就是说，所有的社会行动者对他们在日常生活中的所作所为的条件和后果都拥有大量的知识。就其性质而言，这种知识并不完全是陈述主张，但对于社会行动者的活动来说也并非无可无不可。行动者的认知能力嵌入实践意识，面貌极为复杂。正统的社会学视角，特别是那些和客体主义相联系的思路，往往完全忽视了这种复杂性。在日常情况中，行动者也能够在话语层面上描述他们的行为及其理由，不过这些能力通常是适应日常行为流的特点。只有当个体被他人问及他们为什么会如此行事时，行为的理性化才会促使行动者在话语层面上给出理由。当然，一般来说，只有当有关行动在某些方面使人困惑时，才会有人提出这样的问题。比如行为看起来冒犯了习俗，或者偏离了某个特定的人所习惯的行为方式。\n\n265","previous_page":264,"next_page":266}