{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","title":"技术与时间：1.爱比米修斯的过失","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544726863","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","id":"9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","uuid":"9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","title":"技术与时间：1.爱比米修斯的过失","normalized_title":"技术与时间1爱比米修斯的过失","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544726863","isbns":["9787544726863"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":329,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%EF%BC%9A1.%E7%88%B1%E6%AF%94%E7%B1%B3%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%87%E5%A4%B1","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":40,"pdf_page":54,"physical_index":54,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"aa9a1722de48d82f7bcffc6bf8b724be5aeccc370c5ace1bf1a7a11c6f67c1c4"},"chapter":"第一章技术进化论","content":"6. 发明和革新\n\n必须区分发明过程中的两个不同的阶段：调整和发展，并(借用弗朗索瓦·贝鲁的观点)把发明和革新区别开。革新是指技术体系转变的完成，并产生影响其他体系的结果。这就是说，革新的规则和发明是完全不同的。它牵涉到社会化的规范，尤其受经济学家们的注视：“革新主要属于经济的范畴”。\n\n革新动摇既成的格局，因而会遭到抵抗。它带来的社会影响贯穿各个领域(社会、经济、政治等等)。除了变化引起的不安之外，革新还会遇到诸如投资和技术超前这样的问题：一种革新总会过时并被另一种革新取而代之。这对于当代技术来说尤其如此，因为它的转换周期短，而且决策的难度随发展的速度增大。不仅如此，技术超前的前提是对整个技术体系有一个总体的把握，但是体系本身则变得越来越复杂，从属关系也越来越多。这些问题必须由一系列的复杂计算解决，这些计算显然依赖和经济模式相关的技术体系的模式化：这是关于“生产机能”的计算，所谓生产机能就是指“在一定的工业部门内，机能和它的产品之间的技术关系”。\n\n技术与时间\n\n《技术史》,第52页。\n\n④弗朗索瓦·德·闻德尔在十九世纪初就运用了这种分析方法。参阅《技术史》第54页。\n\n040","previous_page":39,"next_page":41}