{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","title":"技术与时间：1.爱比米修斯的过失","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544726863","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","id":"9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","uuid":"9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","title":"技术与时间：1.爱比米修斯的过失","normalized_title":"技术与时间1爱比米修斯的过失","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544726863","isbns":["9787544726863"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":329,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%EF%BC%9A1.%E7%88%B1%E6%AF%94%E7%B1%B3%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%87%E5%A4%B1","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9b88d2f2-8eab-4576-8a52-82d9265ef4da/search"},"page":{"printed_page":77,"pdf_page":91,"physical_index":91,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"cd247b1abb88b31bc776149c25385caf0c8f30fd706d4e1e135c13142504bff6"},"chapter":"第一章技术进化论","content":"技术可分要素、个体、整体三个层次。要素指工具，即分散的器官；个体使分散的要素发挥作用；整体协调个体。工业技术的特征就在于技术个体的变化，它使我们得以理解现今这种人与机器的关系的产生和消亡。现代技术历史发轫于十八世纪，起初洋溢着乐观主义，接着产生了危机，继而出现了采用热力机的工业技术。在工业革命之前，不是机器代替了人，而是人顶了机器的空缺。然而作为一种工具的持有者，机器的出现也就意味着一种新的技术个体的出现。它不仅剥夺了人的技术个体的资格，而且也剥夺了它的使用权。到了二十世纪，控制论系统的机器及其制造负熵的机能带来了新的乐观前景。比机器剥夺人类的技术个体资格更深刻的是，熵的威胁，它给人们带来了面临工业技术进化的恐惧。相反，彻底的乐观主义的依据是关于生命的思想，因为技术的进化呈现为一个分化、秩序化和抗拒死亡的过程。\n\n第一部分 人的发明\n\n④《技术物体的存在形式》，第15页。\n\n“机器取代了人的位置，因为人过去一直占据了机器的职能，即工具的持有者”。《技术物体的存在形式》，第15页。\n\n077","previous_page":76,"next_page":78}