{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9df479dd-2d06-4301-9e80-dbd6e8d4d830","title":"跟大卫•哈维读《资本论》 第一卷","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532763610","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"9df479dd-2d06-4301-9e80-dbd6e8d4d830","id":"9df479dd-2d06-4301-9e80-dbd6e8d4d830","uuid":"9df479dd-2d06-4301-9e80-dbd6e8d4d830","title":"跟大卫•哈维读《资本论》 第一卷","normalized_title":"跟大卫哈维读资本论第一卷","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532763610","isbns":["9787532763610"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":376,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9df479dd-2d06-4301-9e80-dbd6e8d4d830","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B7%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%E2%80%A2%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%BB%E3%80%8A%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%AE%BA%E3%80%8B%20%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%B7","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/9df479dd-2d06-4301-9e80-dbd6e8d4d830/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/9df479dd-2d06-4301-9e80-dbd6e8d4d830/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/9df479dd-2d06-4301-9e80-dbd6e8d4d830","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9df479dd-2d06-4301-9e80-dbd6e8d4d830/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/9df479dd-2d06-4301-9e80-dbd6e8d4d830/search"},"page":{"printed_page":186,"pdf_page":195,"physical_index":195,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3293974a2c40ff0e28e5e14d34e9b555cb0317d4fff94db0753b8d383fae8075"},"chapter":"第十二章相对剩余价值的概念","content":"当新的生产方式被普遍采用，因而比较便宜地生产出来的商品的个别价值和它的社会价值之间的差额消失的时候，这个超额剩余价值也就消失。价值由劳动时间决定这同一规律，既会使采用新方法的资本家感觉到，他必须低于商品的社会价值来出售自己的商品，又会作为竞争的强制规律，迫使他的竞争者也采用新的生产方式。（第436页）\n\n所以在这一章中，相对剩余价值的第一个形式被认为是一种阶级现象。剩余价值被整个资本家阶级占有，而且它与决定劳动力价值的阶级斗争存在的前提条件一样，是永久存在的。第二个形式是个别和短暂的。正是这第二个形式，它授予了个人以优势，即个人资本家被迫通过竞争的强制规律而追求的剩余价值。其结果是，所有资本家都处在一定的阶段，或者其他人被迫去采取同样的技术。剩余价值的两种形式并不是不相关的，因为，在工薪商品部门的短暂的创新，也会导致以一个物理的生活标准决定的劳动力价值的下降。“因此，提高劳动生产力来使商品便宜，并通过商品便宜来使工人本身便宜，是资本的内在的冲动和经常的趋势。”（第436—437页)\n\n跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》\n\n186","previous_page":185,"next_page":187}