{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a1e5ae7b-c522-43a1-8010-a08ee136eca8","title":"政治经济学批判：马克思《资本论》导论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787305231148","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a1e5ae7b-c522-43a1-8010-a08ee136eca8","id":"a1e5ae7b-c522-43a1-8010-a08ee136eca8","uuid":"a1e5ae7b-c522-43a1-8010-a08ee136eca8","title":"政治经济学批判：马克思《资本论》导论","normalized_title":"政治经济学批判马克思资本论导论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787305231148","isbns":["9787305231148"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":266,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a1e5ae7b-c522-43a1-8010-a08ee136eca8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%EF%BC%9A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E3%80%8A%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%AE%BA%E3%80%8B%E5%AF%BC%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a1e5ae7b-c522-43a1-8010-a08ee136eca8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a1e5ae7b-c522-43a1-8010-a08ee136eca8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a1e5ae7b-c522-43a1-8010-a08ee136eca8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a1e5ae7b-c522-43a1-8010-a08ee136eca8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a1e5ae7b-c522-43a1-8010-a08ee136eca8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":169,"pdf_page":172,"physical_index":172,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"150130284a58008e6ef65257f2e01873d45abfe3f617dcf15ef0904b6c1a437a"},"chapter":"第九章危机","content":"第九章危机\n\n第一节 周期与危机\n\n社会经济再生产的严重阻断被称为经济危机。在资本主义经济中，危机意味着大量产出的商品无法出售：不是因为不存在对相应产品的需求，而是因为不存在有支付能力的需求。商品资本无法完全被转换为货币资本，导致预付资本的增殖渐趋恶化，积累下滑。由此，资本主义企业对生产资本的要素，即对生产资料和劳动力的需求也下滑。大量的失业与工人阶级的消费的衰落，进一步降低了需求并使危机更加严重。\n\n资本主义并不是唯一一种庞大的财富与巨大的贫困并存的生产方式，却是唯一一种产品过剩会成为问题的生产方式，其中无法出售的产品会导致占有者的破产，同时，急需这些产品的人又无法通过出售自己仅有的东西他们的劳动力来换取它。由于资本无法通过使用劳动力而获利，资本也就不再需要他们的劳动力了。\n\n19世纪早期以来，工业资本主义先在英国，而后在法国、德国、美国建立起来，在发达资本主义国家大概每10年便会发生一次危机。加速积累的同时是利润率高涨和工资提升，接着便会出现停滞和危机，然后又是一轮起先缓慢，而后加速的积累的复苏。\n\n169","previous_page":null,"next_page":170}