{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2c0bb73-9718-48fc-b0aa-3358adc422af","title":"信息拜物教 批判与解构","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787802309937","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2c0bb73-9718-48fc-b0aa-3358adc422af","id":"a2c0bb73-9718-48fc-b0aa-3358adc422af","uuid":"a2c0bb73-9718-48fc-b0aa-3358adc422af","title":"信息拜物教 批判与解构","normalized_title":"信息拜物教批判与解构","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787802309937","isbns":["9787802309937"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":353,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2c0bb73-9718-48fc-b0aa-3358adc422af","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8B%9C%E7%89%A9%E6%95%99%20%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E4%B8%8E%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%84","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2c0bb73-9718-48fc-b0aa-3358adc422af/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a2c0bb73-9718-48fc-b0aa-3358adc422af/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a2c0bb73-9718-48fc-b0aa-3358adc422af","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2c0bb73-9718-48fc-b0aa-3358adc422af/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2c0bb73-9718-48fc-b0aa-3358adc422af/search"},"page":{"printed_page":138,"pdf_page":159,"physical_index":159,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"6d127bad7d73f16992e4270e9b079a23d6f5fb1b203b568f0ac0224a9a1687de"},"chapter":"第五章电信的危机","content":"人们还采用另一种说法来为自由化政策开脱。一篇揭露“宽带抢夺者”（broadbandits）的报道得出结论说，“电信泡沫的破灭是一个痛苦的、然而必要的周期的一部分……宽带泡沫很快就会成为过去”。[77]根据这篇文章的说法，“宽带抢夺者”的劫掠行为搞垮了电信行业，但是，“宽带抢夺者”之所以能够造成这么大的危害，事实上是由管理者、金融机构、政治机构以及传媒共同造成的。通过把这场危机看做基于市场的发展过程的一个正常结果，危机的广泛意义被绕开、被遮蔽。危机被当作市场力量的阴暗面的表现，而危机过后，发展总会再一次开始：有得必有失。\n\n这种看法表达了一种“赢者王侯”的基本理念。经济学家哈尔·瓦里安（Hal R.Varian）在危机涌现的初始阶段就表达了这种常见的逻辑：“投资过度看起来似乎是浪费，但是，很难察觉投资是否过度，比赛结束才能定输赢……美国风格的资本主义的伟大力量就是它能够为一些疯狂的念头提供资金一因为时不时地，这些念头就会带来巨大收益。”[78]但问题是：究竟是谁获得了这些收益？是谁陷入了主流经济学家所说的“外部性”（exter-nalities）困境（如失业、决策中缺乏民主等）？这些问题都被他们有意回避了。\n\n不应该把危机的根源推到市场身上，然后就完事大吉。人们应该讨论市场力量在危机中究竟起了什么样的作用，可惜这种讨论并没有出现。电信行业甚至又一次求助于游说者、管制者和政客，以期中止该行业的不幸。9它轻而易举地就忘记了，危机本身恰恰是由管制政策的失误造成的；而且，网络系统的发展仍然控制在同样的管制者手中，同危机的预备阶段一样，它仍然服务于同样的机构利益。\n\n信息拜物教：批判与解构\n\n138","previous_page":137,"next_page":139}