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Barricades: Interventions in Digital Culture and Politics","content":"Baidu 33, 35, 42, 53–4, 80   \nBanks, Ian 26   \nBastani, Aaron 6   \nBaum, Seth D. 11, 113–14, 165n5,   \n165n6   \nBAYOU ML 79   \nBenanav, Aaron 141–2   \nBennett, Jane 161   \nBenton, Ted 119   \nBernes, Jasper 147–9, 153   \nBezos, Jeff 1   \nBlade Runner 25–6   \nBoeing 159   \nBost, Matthew W. 67   \nBostrom, Nick 11, 129, 151   \nBratton, Benjamin 112, 152   \nBrexit 101   \nBrin, Sergey 1, 4, 37   \nBrooks, Rodney 12   \nBrynjolfsson, Erik 87–8   \nbubbles 44–6   \n‘Business-as-Usual’ view 87, 88–9, 91,   \n109, 142   \nbusiness investment, since 2008 crash   \n45–6, 80\n\nCaffe2 53   \nCaffentzis, George 19, 23–4, 132   \ncall centres 83–4, 93   \nCambridge Analytica 100   \nČapek, Karel 133–5   \ncapital AI as technical fix for problems of 71–2, 73, 74–5 circulating 70–4, 79–80, 82–7 constant 15–21 falling rate of profit and 17–18, 19 fixed 15–21, 16, 63–4, 69–70, 79–80, 133, 134, 137, 163n5, 164n5 freedom from 155–6 humans, emancipation from 7, 32, 111, 140–4, 145, 149, 157–9 organic composition of 17, 19, 24, 141, 155 personification of 138–9 state support of 38–42 variable 15, 17, 18, 69–70, 138–9   \nCAPTCHA codes 122–3, 124   \ncaregiving 95   \ncasino workers 68   \nchatbots 58–9, 60, 83, 92   \nchess (Deep Blue) 12, 36, 127   \nChina AI development by 40–1, 80 automated stores in 85 communist views of AI in 166n1 labour issues in 74, 81 resistance in 102 US competition with 35, 40–1   \nChinese Room experiment 11, 126   \nchoice (by humans), replacement of 56–8, 98, 140, 145   \ncirculation of capital 70–4, 79–80, 82–7   \ncitizens’ income (universal basic income, UBI) 6, 143, 146, 150–1   \ncitizenship 137   \nclass composition 69–75, 79   \nclass conflict 16–17, 101   \nclass power 69, 73   \nClegg, John 141–2   \nclosed source creep 54–6   \ncloud (the) 42–3   \nCNN (convolutional neural networks) 120, 165n12   \nCNTK 53   \nCockshott, Paul 119, 125   \ncognition ambient intelligence and 58–60 ANNs and 13 GOFAI and 11–12 human, as a restraint 52, 57 Marx on 117–18, 119 means of 31, 62–7 SED and 12 use of term 31, 52   \ncognitive capitalism 31, 63 see also post-Fordism   \nCollins, Harry 24–5   \ncommodities 132–4, 137–8   \ncommunication 58–60, 65 see also replacement: of human interaction   \ncommunism of capitalism 56   \ncommunist orientation to AI 149–56, 160–2, 166n1   \ncompetition 17   \ncompulsion 135   \nconcentration 41, 42, 43–4, 107–8   \nconsciousness 11, 113, 116–17, 126–7, 139   \nconstant vs fixed capital 15–21   \nconsumption 17, 18 see also circulation of capital   \ncontent moderation 78   \ncontrol function 23   \nconvolutional neural networks (CNN) 120, 165n12   \nCook, Mike 25   \ncorvée 135   \ncreativity 110, 117, 118, 120–1, 126   \ncrises/recessions 17–18, 21, 39, 45–6, 73, 142   \n‘Culture’ novels (Banks) 26   \ncuration 61–2   \ncybernetic capitalism 22–3, 50, 51tab   \ncyberpunk science fiction 25–6   \ndark-side AI 55–6   \nDartmouth College workshop 9, 12, 36, 111   \ndata cleaning and moderating 77–8   \ndata protection 41, 104–5   \nDe Stefano, Valerio 91–2   \ndecomposition of working-class 70, 71–2, 73, 75, 97–101   \nDeep Blue 12, 36, 127   \ndeep learning 66, 127, 164n2   \ndeep neural networks 76   \nDeepMind Technologies 1, 14, 35, 37, 113, 114, 120–1, 123   \ndefence industry 39–40, 74–5, 103, 152–3 see also security industry   \nDeliveroo 102   \nDepartment of Defense (US) 39, 40   \nDidi 102   \ndigital capitalism see post-Fordism   \ndigital journalism 102   \ndigital personal assistants 33   \ndiscrimination 86–7, 95–6, 103, 104, 105–6, 157–8, 164n2   \ndisposability of populations 5–6   \ndispossession 138   \nDomingos, Pedro 127   \nDong, Catherine 76–7   \ndot.com bubble 44   \nDrexler, Eric K. 151   \ndriverless vehicles 33, 42–3, 45, 81, 82–3   \nDSSTNE 53   \nDuplex 58–9, 83–4   \neconomic crises 17–18, 21, 39, 45–6, 73, 142   \nThe Economist 33, 34, 43–4   \necosocialism 161–2   \nedge computing 42–3, 99   \neducation 96–7   \nelder care 95   \nElster, Jon 119   \nemancipation, of capital from humans 7, 32, 111, 140–4, 145, 149, 157–9   \nemotions 66   \nemployees of tech companies see tech industry   \nenvironment 152   \nErnest, Guy 53   \nEubanks, Virginia 86–7   \nEuropean Union 41, 104–5, 137   \nexistential risk 151–2   \nExpensify 77–8   \nexpert systems 12, 32 see also GOFAI   \nexploitation 3, 6, 15, 20, 69–70, 84, 102, 136, 149, 152   \nFacebook AI research at 37, 98–9 bots on 59 content moderation at 21, 78 opening of libraries by 53 resistance to 105, 107 Trump campaign and 100–1, 107   \nfacial identification software 103, 104   \nFall Revolution books (MacLeod) 27   \nfalling rate of profit (FROP) 17–18, 19   \nfar right/neo-fascism 73, 100–1, 157–8   \nfauxtomation 5   \nFBLearner Flow (FBL) 98–9   \nFederated Learning project 99   \nFederici, Sylvia 5   \nFei Fei Li 53   \nfetishism 139, 149   \n‘Fight for 15’ movement 5   \nFigure Eight 77   \nfinancial crisis (2008) 21, 39, 45–6, 73   \nfinancialization 45–6, 72, 73   \nfixed capital constant capital vs 15–21 definition 163n5, 164n5 general social knowledge and 63–4 (see also general intellect) machines as 133, 134 slaves as 137 social function of 16, 79–80 variable capital vs 15, 17, 18, 69–70   \nflexibility 110, 118, 125   \nFord, Martin 87–8   \nFordism 50, 51tab, 70   \nforms of appearance 132–3 see also social forms   \nFOSS (free and open-source) programming 53–6, 113   \nFoster, John Bellamy 161   \nFoxconn 74, 81   \n‘Fragment on Machines’ (Marx) 18–19, 67, 109, 131–5, 136, 152–3   \nFrank, Morgan R. 91   \nfreedom 116–18, 136–7   \nFrey, Carl 88   \nFROP (falling rate of profit) 17–18, 19   \nGartner 44, 59, 83   \nGates, Bill 4   \nGDP, labour’s share of 73   \nGDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) 41, 104–5   \ngender abolition of 167n4 composition of labour and 72 discrimination on 95–6, 103, 105–6, 157–8 simulation of 58   \ngeneral conditions of production AGI and 129–30 ambient intelligence and 58–62 concept of 30–1 open-source and 53–6 the state and 39–40   \nGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 41, 104–5   \ngeneral intellect 31–2, 63–7   \ngeneral intelligence 125–6, 128 see also AGI   \ngeneralization 48, 121   \ngig economy 93, 150–1   \nGillespie, Tarleton 38   \nGitHub 79   \nglobal warming 152   \nglobalization 71–4, 77–8, 81   \nGo (game) see AlphaGo   \nGoertzel, Ben 110, 112–13, 128–9   \nGOFAI (Good Ol’ Fashioned AI) 11–12, 32   \nGolumbia, David 158   \nGoogle/Alphabet automated machine learning project 129–30 chatbots by 58–9 cloud service of 42, 55 content moderation by 78 DeepMind 1, 14, 35, 37, 113, 114, 120–1, 123 ‘democratization’ of AI and 53, 54–5 discriminatory hiring and 96 employee resistance at 40, 103 new sectors targeted by 33 online booking system of 83–4 overview of AI activities 36–7 public resistance to 106 search algorithm of 98 Singularity U 159 smart cities and 57, 106–7 smartphones, use of for AI training 99 state support of 39   \nGordon, Robert 45   \nGourevitch, Alex 151   \nGrace, Katja 121   \ngrammatization 97–101   \n‘grey goo’ example 151   \nGrundrisse (Marx) 18–19, 46–9 see also ‘Fragment on Machines’   \nGubrud, Mark Avrum 111   \nGui, Terry 74, 81   \nHaldane, Andy 89   \nHANA 34   \nHanson Robotics 137   \nHarari, Yuval Noah 126–7, 151   \nhardware 42–3   \nHester, Helen 58   \nHLAI (human-level artificial intelligence) 128   \nHLMI (human-level machine intelligence) 112, 114, 165n3, 165n4   \nhospitality workers 68   \nHughes, Chris 150\n\nindex\n\n201","previous_page":null,"next_page":202}