{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780745338613","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","uuid":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","normalized_title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780745338613","isbns":["9780745338613","9780745338606","9781786803955","9781786803979","9781786803962"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":225,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%92%8C%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/search"},"page":{"printed_page":22,"pdf_page":30,"physical_index":30,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"093a3ecfd68ff9d1a3e757f242b64c8874db34212bf795b879faf586c37cbcff"},"chapter":"Digital Barricades: Interventions in Digital Culture and Politics","content":"The first is Tessa Morris-Suzuki’s examination of Japan’s hightechnology capitalism in the 1980s, the period which saw the introduction of robots in auto manufacture, the explosive growth of the video game industry, and projects such as Japan’s ultimately doomed ‘Fifth Generation Computer Systems’, an early AI initiative supported by Japan’s Ministry of International Trade and Industry. Writing in this context, Morris-Suzuki suggested – much as we have here – that some of the disarray of the contemporary left stems from its reluctance to confront the possibility of a highly automated capitalism, instead taking ‘one of two contrasting positions’ – either denial ‘that the contemporary “information revolution” represents any fundamental change in the nature of capitalism’ or the assertion ‘that it spells the death agony of the capitalist system’ (Morris-Suzuki 1986: 81). Taking issue with the claim by the famous Marxist scholar Ernest Mandel (1975: 207) that large-scale automation of production constitutes the ‘absolute inner limit’ of capitalism, Morris-Suzuki argued it was time to consider ways capital might perpetuate itself under such conditions. These, she said, would include the transfer of labour from production to ‘perpetual innovation’, a proletarianization of technical jobs, the corporatization of an education system geared to the production of elite research scientists, and the creation of a workforce ‘easily taken up and easily discarded’ (Morris-Suzuki 1984: 120). This now reads as a prescient description of the present. The new wave of AI poses the same problem Morris-Suzuki articulated, but at a higher level. ML and other new AI techniques are beginning to encroach on the activities she saw as the only available refuge for labour chased out of industrial production by machines.\n\nThe second is Ramin Ramtin’s remarkable Capitalism and Automation: Revolution in Technology and Capitalist Breakdown (1991). In this book, Ramtin made the first systematic attempt to rethink Marx’s theory of machinery in the light of the cybernetic technology that was driving the digital automation of the 1980s. He proposed that to Marx’s three-part anatomization of industrial machinery, comprising motor power, transmission mechanism and tool head, had to be added the guiding or control function – a function once considered dependent on human intelligence and senses but now increasingly automated with information, including sensor, technology. By proposing this revision Ramtin offered a way towards a theorization of computers that, without endorsing the post-industrial euphoria about the information revolution, also recognized the qualitative change digital technologies brought. Ramtin’s work was, however, also notable for the unflinching eye it cast on the possible consequences of this development for a Marxist analysis of class struggle. He suggested that the full-scale cybernetic onslaught of capital against its working class would bring to the fore issues of unemployment that had receded into the background during the postwar boom. His insistence that Marx’s notion of proletarianization be recognized as a concept not just of workplace exploitation but also of the liability of ejection from work in many ways anticipates the discussions of ‘surplus populations’ that would emerge in the wake of the 2008 crash, which we take up later in this book.\n\n22\n\ninhuman power","previous_page":21,"next_page":23}