{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780745338613","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","uuid":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","normalized_title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780745338613","isbns":["9780745338613","9780745338606","9781786803955","9781786803979","9781786803962"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":225,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%92%8C%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/search"},"page":{"printed_page":58,"pdf_page":66,"physical_index":66,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"79d1b503059b95203313da57d7ac1d41e05a6165a50cf8a96bb3368ae972fa7c"},"chapter":"Digital Barricades: Interventions in Digital Culture and Politics","content":"Generalized ambient intelligence is one way AI could become part of the general conditions of production. If achieved, it would constitute a radical change to the technological milieu of capital, particularly if the AI which becomes ambient has ML capacities for perception and cognition. What would it be like if not only human knowledge and skills were transmuted into dead labour, but if dead labour gained the fundamental capacities for perceiving and cognizing that humans have historically monopolized? Perception and cognition would, like electrification, become ubiquitous and mundane properties of things in general. Without any claims to predict the future, we can look at some existing AI applications that currently function as fixed capital and imagine a situation in which their use becomes part of the general conditions of production.\n\nOne such application is the chatbot. Chatbots are ‘any software application that engages in a dialog with a human using natural language’ whether textual or auditory (Dale 2016: 813). As Helen Hester (2016) notes, these apps, intended to outsource to machines aspects of clerical, administrative and communications work, ‘represent, in many respects, the automation of what has been traditionally deemed to be women’s labour’ – a point manifest in the names and voices of Alexa, Cortana, Siri – technologies that ‘do gender’. Today, chatbots are predominantly textual, but Google’s Duplex (under development as of October 2018) has demonstrated uncannily human-sounding verbal conversation skills in limited settings. Some observers have even objected to its all-too-human ‘“um” and “ah” sounds’ and demanded that it announce itself as an AI (R. Metz 2018). According to one study, 36 per cent of businesses already employ chatbots and an additional 44 per cent expect to by 2020 (Oracle 2016). Chatbots can be simple rule-based programs, but to achieve more robust functionality and ease of use, modern systems usually employ ML to learn from experience and natural language processing to converse more easily. Google’s Duplex, for example, is an ML system built on a recurrent neural network (Leviathan and Matias 2018). Industry analysts expect that soon chatbots ‘will use AI to manage unstructured data and complex tasks’ (Panetta 2016). Chatbots are often embedded in messenger programs such as Facebook Messenger and WeChat and are most often employed in customer service applications. In its first year of opening up chatbot functionality, Facebook had more than 33,000 active bots on Messenger (Vr 2016).\n\n58\n\ninhuman power","previous_page":57,"next_page":59}