{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780745338613","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","uuid":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","normalized_title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780745338613","isbns":["9780745338613","9780745338606","9781786803955","9781786803979","9781786803962"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":225,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%92%8C%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/search"},"page":{"printed_page":63,"pdf_page":71,"physical_index":71,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0ccb3e91a18bdc9733c9b033fea050dfcaa29f67c084e90c37c26ac882bbaa93"},"chapter":"Digital Barricades: Interventions in Digital Culture and Politics","content":"THE MEANS OF COGNITION\n\nCapital is far from ready to jettison humanity completely, but it is prepared to imbue more and more of the cognitive capacities of humans into machines that form an increasingly ‘smart’ technological environment. AI is not only significant for its potential to automate work but also in so far as it could become part of the general conditions of production. If the means of cognition are established, production will certainly become increasingly automated, and it will become so within an environment where intelligent machines are perceiving, learning and communicating. As ML improves and new AI techniques appear, this network of intelligent machines will further expand its capacities, and capital, across the social factory, will become increasingly aware, intelligent and communicative.\n\nIn proposing the means of cognition, we might seem to be aligning ourselves with post-operaismo theories of cognitive capitalism (Vercellone 2006; Moulier-Boutang 2011; Hardt and Negri 2017).<sup>7</sup> On the contrary, we hold that the means of cognition scenario outlined in this chapter is incompatible with post-operaismo analyses, within which cognition is strictly anthropic. In fact, we argue that the means of cognition scenario entails a complete revision of the notion of general intellect which post-operaismo appropriated from Marx.\n\nMarx described the general intellect as manifested in technology, which, in the capitalist mode of production, largely appears in the form of capital. Marx’s major mention of the general intellect famously goes as follows: ‘The development of fixed capital indicates to what degree general social knowledge has become a direct force of production, and to what degree, hence, the conditions of the process of social life itself have come under the control of the general intellect, and been transformed in accordance with it’ (1993: 706). Here the knowledge of the social individual becomes a direct force of production, but only (and this point is often overlooked) once it has been implemented in machinery, because it is only in an object external to the human body that human skills and knowledge can be social, i.e. generalized. Today, anyone has the ability to instantly, if roughly, understand phrases in dozens of languages – if they access Google Translate via the Web or a smartphone app. The general intellect refers to this ever-increasing manifold of skill and knowledge possessed by capital in machinic form. Prior to its implementation, the skill and knowledge of the social individual, on the other hand, was called by Marx the ‘social brain’ (1993: 694). Capital continually excises and emulates aspects of the social brain, implementing them in machines and adding them to the general intellect. This is a planetary-scale version of the ‘knowledge capture’ that management theorists define as ‘turn[ing] knowledge that is resident in the mind of the individual into an explicit representation available to the enterprise’ (Gartner n.d.). The more of the social brain that the general intellect captures, the more powerful capital becomes.\n\nmeans of cognition\n\n63","previous_page":62,"next_page":64}