{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780745338613","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","uuid":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","normalized_title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780745338613","isbns":["9780745338613","9780745338606","9781786803955","9781786803979","9781786803962"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":225,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%92%8C%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/search"},"page":{"printed_page":82,"pdf_page":90,"physical_index":90,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"666a206ff0ec83b17b874d43fb1b5ace2d0d15a04e86a7faae609de067c33d6c"},"chapter":"Digital Barricades: Interventions in Digital Culture and Politics","content":"It was, however, in the sphere of circulation that capital’s AI initiatives developed most quickly in North America and Europe, accelerating the ‘logistics revolution’ that has linked transportation, warehousing, communications and retail sales in increasingly complex and seamless systems (Cowen 2014; Rossiter 2016). As we have seen, autonomous vehicles are amongst the most potentially lucrative forms of AI-capital. This prospect is usually discussed in terms of the self-driving personal car (both a consumer commodity and a means by which the commodity labour-power gets to work). The immediate prize, however, is automated commercial trucking. Robo-trucks are already used on-site in industries such as mining. Companies like Volvo, Daimler and Tesla are working on their graduation to long-distance hauling. In 2016, Uber carefully staged a demonstration (under the most favourable conditions) of beer delivery by a self-driving truck (Peterson 2016). Since then such vehicles (accompanied by a watch driver) have entered use in the delivery of refrigerators from a warehouse in El Paso, Texas, along the I-10 freeway, to a distribution centre in Palm Springs, California.\n\nSelf-driving trucks, operating 24/7, without rest breaks, in convoys with over-watch, or possibly remote, drivers, on long straight highways free of pedestrians, cyclists and traffic lights or perhaps in special lanes, are a lucrative AI prospect. It would automate an important sector of working-class employment. In the US, trucking is a \\$676 billion industry, employing about 3.5 million drivers. In a slim-margin business, labour costs ‘account for up to 45% of total freight costs’ (Campbell 2018). A 2017 report from the International Transport Forum forecast that up to 4.4 million of the 6.4 million truckers in the US and Europe could be eliminated by autonomous technology (ITF 2017). The inclusion of self-driving trucks in national vehicle regulations has been opposed by the Teamsters Union, representing almost 600,000 truckers, which describes their introduction as ‘calamitous’ (Marshall 2017). Such opposition is only one of a number of barriers facing AI-automated trucking: others include not only continuing problems in refining auto-driving technologies (as witnessed by a series of accidents in 2018), but also the need for adaptions of highways systems and the articulation of legal responsibilities (Moody 2018b). So, while robo-trucks are potentially one of the most profitable of AI-capital ventures, they are also one of the most challenging. There are, however, other more immediately available opportunities.\n\n82\n\ninhuman power","previous_page":81,"next_page":83}