{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780745338613","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","id":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","uuid":"a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","normalized_title":"人工智能和资本主义的未来","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780745338613","isbns":["9780745338613","9780745338606","9781786803955","9781786803979","9781786803962"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":225,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%92%8C%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a2eab101-adfc-4a0d-8142-63a4d11cee02/search"},"page":{"printed_page":93,"pdf_page":101,"physical_index":101,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"bbd9d6c411fb46a32c59067461d8b7085ec49c793e8c77918cf86356d2f9a2dd"},"chapter":"Digital Barricades: Interventions in Digital Culture and Politics","content":"Precarious employment is one of the most discussed features of work in twenty-first-century capitalism. Definitions of ‘precarity’ vary, but often include part-time, temporary and self-employment, widely thought to be on the rise since the 2008 crash (Standing 2011). Particular attention has been given to the growth of a ‘gig economy’, organized by online platforms such as Uber, Lyft, TaskRabbit or UpWork, Clickwork and Mechanical Turk by workers designated as independent contractors, hence working without pensions, benefits and other regulatory protections, and often for low wages (Hill 2015; Kessler 2018). Some analysts of labour politics argue that the scale of ‘gigging’ is exaggerated (Henwood 2018b; Moody 2018b). In this view the real problem for workers today is not so much precarity, but rather stagnating low wages, rising costs and poor conditions in the permanent jobs that still account for the largest part of employment. These two perspectives are not entirely contradictory, as workers may supplement low-wage permanent jobs with precarious employment.\n\nThere is an affinity between AI and precarious labour. As we have seen, AI depends on online microwork. In addition, AI is important for the algorithmic management used by platform capitalism to organize contingent workers, scaling their numbers, earnings and schedules to demand, and thus ‘contributing to a casualization of work patterns and job and income instability’ (De Stefano 2018). Uber is a company self-described as having ‘machine learning in its DNA’ (Reese 2016a).\n\nautomating the social factory\n\n93","previous_page":92,"next_page":94}