{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7","title":"DIGITAL LABOR THE INTERNET AS PLAYGROUND AND FACTORY","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780415896948","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7","id":"a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7","uuid":"a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7","title":"DIGITAL LABOR THE INTERNET AS PLAYGROUND AND FACTORY","normalized_title":"digitallabortheinternetasplaygroundandfactory","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9780415896948","isbns":["9780415896948","9780415896955","9780203145791"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":267,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/DIGITAL%20LABOR%20THE%20INTERNET%20AS%20PLAYGROUND%20AND%20FACTORY","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a31b1606-7526-4f42-a12d-1edcb41ff0e7/search"},"page":{"printed_page":198,"pdf_page":205,"physical_index":205,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"47af393f0ef2fa02730b5b8016d6fe0b632e2753420248deac22c78cc7d57c30"},"chapter":"DIGITAL LABOR","content":"Neoliberalism is premised on the notion of colorblindness. The first com ment cited above advocates exactly this position: racism is not the result of ar individual's bad behavior, but rather the result of the person who identifies it for they are they ones who see race, or “make the difference in their head. As is also evident in the readers' comments to Yee's essay, posters are eager to prove that their hatred of Chinese gold farmers isn't racist, is not a prejudice against \"biological difference,\" but is rather a dislike of unsuccessful assimilatior to American social norms, what the poster calls the “anticultural\" position. Thé problem with gold farmers isn't that they are Chinese; it is that they“act Chinese.\" The characterization of American WoW player behavior as self-sufficient law-abiding, noncommercial, and properly social is belied by their role as gol buyers within WoW's server economy: the purchasingof virtual property lie: within the bounds of American gaming behavior while selling it does not. Bu this is only the case if one is Chinese—IGE is not targeted in racialized terms if at all. The notion that it is permissible to condemn someone for how they behave rather than what they are is a technique for avoiding charges of racism for culture is seen as something that can be changed, hopefully through assimilation to American norms, but raceis not. However, asYoshino (2006) notes, this neoliberal position results in a compulsion to cover one's identity, to behave in ways that are normatively colorless or sexless, in order to take one's unchangeable race, gender, or sexualitó out of play.\n\nNi Hao is one of many examples of machinima thatdemonstrate that anti-Asian racism is both common within the game and that the problems with the server economy are attributed to Chinese gold farmers. Judging from its popularity on YouTube, this is a widespread belief. It also employs an unusual technique to stress the equivalence between Chinese culture and gold farming: one episode depicts a WoW avatar entering a Chinese restaurant whose image is nor taken from in-game, but rather is a photographic image featuring several Chinese people eating. The next scene depicts a Chinese fortune cookie opening up to reveal the words “Buy gold\" as the title proclaims “it's another gold farm ad from Beijing.\" This insertion of photographs of actual people within the world of WoW machinima violates a generic convention—generally, machinima makers stick to in-game images. This exceptional moment invokes images of real Chinese people to make clear the connection between their racialized bodies and gold farmers in-game. WoW allows players to hide their race during game play, and an enormous amount of player energy goes into outing gold farmers. Though, as noted earlier, WoW and other MMOs are populated by as many legitimate or leisure players who are Asian as those who are European or American, it is clear that being profiled as Korean or a “China-man” in-game can be dangerous. Ni Hao’s introduction asks, “I see you there, could you be the farmer?\"It is crucial to note that online anonymity makes it impossible to verify whether a player is Chinese and whether he or she is, by extension, a gold farmer. Many WoW forums and video clips such as “Chronicles of a Gold Farmer\"address this problem by sharing strategies for profilingChinese worker players.\n\n198\n\nThe Violence of Participation","previous_page":197,"next_page":199}