{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title":"动物与人二讲【无封面、版权页、目录页】","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","uuid":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title":"动物与人二讲【无封面、版权页、目录页】","normalized_title":"动物与人二讲无封面版权页目录页","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":114,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%8C%E8%AE%B2%E3%80%90%E6%97%A0%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2%E3%80%81%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E9%A1%B5%E3%80%81%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E9%A1%B5%E3%80%91","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/search"},"page":{"printed_page":13,"pdf_page":12,"physical_index":12,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"788b4f774db7ae3126b2abf296e32288eb72257e7fa2804302774e5546c961c0"},"chapter":"动物与人二讲","content":"《蒂迈欧篇》中的这个在某种意义上奇怪却绝妙的观点是西方世界关于进化论的最早见解。只不过这是一个逆向的进化论（théorie de l'évolution à l'envers)。人是所有动物中第一个被构造出来的，通过简化与退化—这意味着人类身体某个方面的发展，重大的发展，例如爪子取代指甲的发展，我们能够获得适应于特定生活方式的某种动物种类。这并非通过上升的、发展的进化将人从动物种类中抽出，相反，这表明了一些更简单的图式，即动物的图式，是如何摆脱人类的图式的。我们可以将它同其他的转生神话相比较：灵魂在选择肉体之后饮入忘川(Léthé)之水，灵魂根据它们之前的存在及其功德选择肉体，那些尽可能在认识真理与实践深思的过程中上升的灵魂不会错过选择一位哲人的肉体；对其他灵魂来说，它们则进入某个动物的身体之中。如果柏拉图继续停留在这个退化的序列中，他甚至可以说，人们可以再生成为树。然而，与以植物形态再生联系在一起的变形观念似乎是通过东方宗教神话在希腊流传开来的，并且在柏拉图时期并未得到很好的发展，至少在哲学领域如此；在诗歌领域可能更好一些。神话学讲述的内容里面实际上包含了向某种树的转化。\n\n第一讲\n\n13","previous_page":12,"next_page":14}