{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title":"动物与人二讲【无封面、版权页、目录页】","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","uuid":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title":"动物与人二讲【无封面、版权页、目录页】","normalized_title":"动物与人二讲无封面版权页目录页","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":114,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%8C%E8%AE%B2%E3%80%90%E6%97%A0%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2%E3%80%81%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E9%A1%B5%E3%80%81%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E9%A1%B5%E3%80%91","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/search"},"page":{"printed_page":35,"pdf_page":34,"physical_index":34,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"23776673d4df26bf4e0da650a741e051bcd7f0d76988ce4387e7b7c0ebdefe0b"},"chapter":"动物与人二讲","content":"相反，就像我们今天所试图研究的那样，自基督教以来，特别是在笛卡尔主义内部，精神活动学说的介入构成了一个两分法上的对立，这个对立确认了两种不同性质的存在，而不仅仅是两个不同等级的存在，一方面是缺少理性，甚至是缺少意识的动物的现实，总之动物缺少内在性(intériorité)；另一方面是能够自我意识，拥有精神感知(sentiment moral)，能够意识到自身行为与其价值的人的现实。在这个意义上，我们应该指出，这一点十分重要，即那些最具系统性的学说不像我们说的那样是古希腊罗马时期的学说，正相反，它们首先是一些教父的学说，这些学说以十分温和的方式反映在圣托马斯的学说中，圣托马斯在某些方面回到了亚里士多德学说中，因此他是中世纪最温和的作者之一。更重要的是，它们最终是笛卡尔主义的学说，是完全系统的、彻底的两分法学说。\n\n第二讲\n\n35","previous_page":34,"next_page":36}