{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title":"动物与人二讲【无封面、版权页、目录页】","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","uuid":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title":"动物与人二讲【无封面、版权页、目录页】","normalized_title":"动物与人二讲无封面版权页目录页","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":114,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%8C%E8%AE%B2%E3%80%90%E6%97%A0%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2%E3%80%81%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E9%A1%B5%E3%80%81%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E9%A1%B5%E3%80%91","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/search"},"page":{"printed_page":41,"pdf_page":40,"physical_index":40,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9b20decb4d8756e2f2cd5ca7221a140ae3115e906e2ebe0de117e7d8352ba140"},"chapter":"动物与人二讲","content":"圣奥古斯丁\n\n相反，与古希腊罗马文化联系紧密的圣奥古斯丁在动物身上看到一个有感觉能力的灵魂。他认为动物有需求，它们会感到痛苦，他知道它们会与痛苦做斗争，他知道动物会为了保持机体的完整性而抗争。借助从观察得出的明证，圣奥古斯丁进一步认为，动物有记忆，它们会想象也会做梦。例如，卢克莱修(Lucrèce)曾记录狗会做梦。我们会看到一只熟睡的狗忽然想象它正在尝试捕捉猎物，如果是一只猎犬，它还会叫出来，并突然试着做出把猎物咬住的动作，嘴巴一张一合，发出清脆的叫声，就好像它已经抓住了猎物。总之，这是借助明显的姿态表露出来的狗的梦境。尽管如此，圣奥古斯丁认为，在动物那里，一切都出自本能，动物不同的技能（industries）与技巧(habiletés）都被解释为感觉、想象与记忆，并没有灵魂的介入，至少没有理性灵魂，也就是说没有类似人类灵魂之物介入，因为人类灵魂是具有道德观念与理性活动的。\n\n第二讲\n\n41","previous_page":40,"next_page":42}