{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title":"动物与人二讲【无封面、版权页、目录页】","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","id":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","uuid":"a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title":"动物与人二讲【无封面、版权页、目录页】","normalized_title":"动物与人二讲无封面版权页目录页","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":114,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%8C%E8%AE%B2%E3%80%90%E6%97%A0%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2%E3%80%81%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E9%A1%B5%E3%80%81%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E9%A1%B5%E3%80%91","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/a3d20d9f-08e6-48dd-8975-661ffa08f781/search"},"page":{"printed_page":92,"pdf_page":91,"physical_index":91,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"25aec655f10e577703411743f524cfd6043bf0295fd4a4b0d3c5c516d15a6ec4"},"chapter":"动物与人二讲","content":"我们可以看到这种异质性出现在许多动物群体之中，不同的个体在群体中有着不同的地位（结构）和分工（功能)。西蒙东在《动物与人二讲》的末尾提到了不同的狮群拥有完全不同的捕猎方法，但没有继续展开说明狮群内部的情况。如果不同的狮群拥有不同的捕猎方法仍然强调的是个体由于具有某种同质性而聚为集体，那么捕猎时狮群内部的明确分工则展现了个体的异质性。虽然西蒙东并未直接提到这一点，但狮群的明确分工早已为人熟知。如果西蒙东并未直截了当地谈论狮群中不同个体的异质性，那么在接下来的海狸的例子中提及的“社会等级”一说则指出了由异质个体构成的社会。这里实际上涉及西蒙东对两种社会性群体的区分：社群（communauté)与社会(société)。简单来说，社群是外在于个体生成的，其中聚集了拥有相似且固定功能的个体，因此“缺少余留的个体生成的潜能”1；而社会则是由个体的积极参与聚合在一起形成的集体，在社会中“标准与价值不可分割，也就是与前个体潜能不可分割，前个体潜能使社会在一个有活力且开放的亚稳定状态中凝聚在一起，社会的标准系统既不会耗尽这个潜能也不会因其终结而规避这个潜能”2。这样的前个体潜能在动物身上表现为严谨的分工秩序，即便是某个成员的缺席也不会影响秩序，因为新的平衡会立即被建立起来。\n\n92\n\n/动物与人二讲\n\n1 Ibid.","previous_page":91,"next_page":93}