{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","uuid":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","normalized_title":"哈贝马斯著作集包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","isbns":["9787208153554"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":389,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%93%88%E8%B4%9D%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E9%9B%86%20%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%BB%96%E8%80%85","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":125,"pdf_page":134,"physical_index":134,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"772901e7464a8abb0e74f9df741a0d260038771b83cec4e531c003b1f707a4b4"},"chapter":"包容他者","content":"这个问题主要对那些拒绝道德实在论以及现代价值怀疑论的人构成了挑战，比如罗尔斯和我。我们都注意到了，日常实践当中具有道德判断力，我们相互的假设需要加以解释，但没有彻底否定道德论证的理性特征。道德争论并没有结束，这个事实揭示了社会生活的基本结构，其中充满了日常的有效性要求。社会一体化依然取决于以沟通为取向的行为，其基础是对可能出错的有效性要求的承认。\n\n由此看来，霍布斯的前提也就不那么令人信服了，本来，霍布斯用这个前提是想把实践哲学带出死胡同的。霍布斯试图把实践理性还原为工具理性。霍布斯所开创的契约论传统迄今为止依然有一些不错的命题，它们都从合理动机的角度理解道德理由，并把道德判断归结为合理选择。社会契约被认为是一种程序，参与者的自我利益从那里可以得到满足。契约双方只需考虑，他们的愿望和偏好是否合乎他们的目的，或者说，是否合理，以便他们接受一种行为规则或一个规则系统。但是，众所周知，正如免费搭车者遇到的问题所表明的那样，这样一种策略缺乏强制规范或有效的道德命题所具有的特殊的约束性。我想附带说一下斯坎伦在反对功利主义时所提出的论据：\n\n第二部分 政治自由主义—与罗尔斯商榷\n\n125","previous_page":124,"next_page":126}