{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","uuid":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","normalized_title":"哈贝马斯著作集包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","isbns":["9787208153554"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":389,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%93%88%E8%B4%9D%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E9%9B%86%20%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%BB%96%E8%80%85","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":224,"pdf_page":233,"physical_index":233,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a7497028082bbd23e9595f1fff2c59c4216abdd02834ba976191d8d3ea109e9a"},"chapter":"包容他者","content":"永久和平是一个重要的标志，但只是世界公民状态的一种征候。康德必须解决的概念问题，是把这种世界公民状态提高到法律概念的高度。他必须明确区分世界公民权利和古典的国际法，也就是说，他必须明确地给出这种世界大同主义的本质内涵。\n\n同所有自然状态中的法律一样，国际法也具有永恒的效力；而世界公民权利则如同国家所认可的权利一样，彻底结束了自然状态。因此，为了达到世界公民状态，康德一直都同摆脱自然状态的原始冲动进行类比，即通过社会契约建立一个具体的国家，从而使这个国家的民众过上有法律保障的自由生活。社会契约结束了个体之间的自然状态，同样，好斗的国家之间的自然状态此时也该画上一个句号。在撰写“永久和平论”之前两年，康德发表了“论共同格言”(ÜberdenGemeinspruch)一文，指出这两个过程之间的相似性。该文也提到了社会福利的破坏和自由的丧失，认为这是战争最可恶的地方。文章接着又说：\n\n但是，除了国际法之外，不可能再有其他手段。国际法建立在权力和公共法则基础之上，任何一个国家都必须服从；因而类似于资产阶级国家法或关于个人的国家法—因为在欧洲要想单纯依靠所谓的势力均衡来实现持久而普遍的和平，实属痴人说梦。6\n\n224\n\n包容他者","previous_page":223,"next_page":225}