{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","uuid":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","normalized_title":"哈贝马斯著作集包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","isbns":["9787208153554"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":389,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%93%88%E8%B4%9D%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E9%9B%86%20%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%BB%96%E8%80%85","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":250,"pdf_page":259,"physical_index":259,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"829ce6ded5546d5dc243e19092d041e27cac25bcee9bac0d92e49a9560325ddf"},"chapter":"包容他者","content":"权利是条件的总和，有了权利，一个人的专断意志才能和其他人的专断意志在自由的普遍原则下和平共存。60\n\n在康德看来，一切特殊的人权都有一个共同的基础，这就是平等自由的主观权利：\n\n自由（不依赖于其他人的专断意志），只要能和任意一种其他自由在普遍原则下平等共存，那么，它就是任何一个人之为人所享有的原始权利。61\n\n在康德那里，人权在权利学说当中相应地也就享有一席之地，而且只有在权利学说中才享有一席之地。同其他主观权利一样，人权也具有道德内涵。但是，虽然具有道德内涵，人权就其结构而言还是属于一种实证法和强制法秩序，它所论证的是可以诉讼的主观权利要求。从这个角度来说，人权的意义在于：要求成为在现有的法律秩序当中得到保障的基本权利，不管这个法律秩序是国家性的，还是国际性的，或是全球性的。可是，如果撇开其普遍有效性要求不论，这些基本权利到目前为止只有在民主国家的国内法律秩序中才有可能获得一种明确的实证形式，这一点充分说明，人们把这些基本权利和道德权利混淆了起来。此外，这些基本权利在国际法当中的有效性也很有限，并期待着在处于发轫之初的世界公民秩序当中获得制度化。\n\n250\n\n包容他者","previous_page":249,"next_page":251}