{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","uuid":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","normalized_title":"哈贝马斯著作集包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","isbns":["9787208153554"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":389,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%93%88%E8%B4%9D%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E9%9B%86%20%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%BB%96%E8%80%85","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":294,"pdf_page":303,"physical_index":303,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c7259c0de3d6b917e970f0bcd16fe8064ca7d5f0e24de49e696f3fbe6b04c9ef"},"chapter":"包容他者","content":"人们生活在拥有契约和边界的共同体当中，而契约和边界可以有多种多样。在自由主义社会中，它们应当与自由主义原则保持一致，自由移民可以改变共同体的特征，但不能使共同体毫无个性。30\n\n以上所说就是民主法治国家在接纳移民时所能提出的一些条件。那么，究竟又有谁有权移民呢？\n\n有充分的道德理由证明一切个体都有权提出政治避难的要求（这里所说的政治避难，是按照联邦德国基本法第16条所规定的内容，要想解释它，必须结合第1条所提出的人权保障和第19条所规定的权利保护内容)。对此我们无须细论。这里的关键在于对难民的定义。根据《日内瓦难民公约》第33条规定，“每个在国内由于种族、宗教、国籍，或作为某个社会团体的成员以及政治信念而受到迫害的人”，一旦逃离出来，都有权要求避难。从最近的经验来看，这条定义应当有所增补，即应当把保护妇女免遭暴力包括进去。来自内战地区的难民要求暂时避难，希望得到一定的保护也应当不成为问题。可是，自从发现美洲以来，特别是自19世纪全球范围内移民急剧增长以来，绝大多数要求移民的，都是因家乡难以生存而想到异地谋求职业和逃避贫困。这种情况今天依然存在。为了阻止来自东方和南部的这样的移民，欧洲社会福利国家正在把自己全副武装起来，以实行福利沙文\n\n294\n\n包容他者","previous_page":293,"next_page":295}