{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","uuid":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","normalized_title":"哈贝马斯著作集包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","isbns":["9787208153554"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":389,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%93%88%E8%B4%9D%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E9%9B%86%20%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%BB%96%E8%80%85","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":46,"pdf_page":55,"physical_index":55,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"262a61946f575cbd8734c932be4e90ab881619b35d1f639885a33482aed651f4"},"chapter":"包容他者","content":"针对这样一种情况，有四种反应在我看来缺乏说服力，但我在下文将不再予以深入讨论：\n\n•道德实在论(moralischerRealismus):它试图用形而上学的手段重振对规范和价值的本体论证明。它坚持认为，可以从认知的角度把握世界中的事物，因为世界中的事物具有本质的力量，能够引导我们的愿望，约束我们的意志。由于这些规范的源泉无法再用总体性的世界观加以解释，问题也就进入了知识论领域：对于和事实命题相似的价值判断，必须设定一个类似于感知的经验基础、一个直觉的观念或一个理想的价值观念。7\n\n•功利主义(Utilitarismus):功利主义尽管为论证道德判断提供了一个原则，但是，它把对行为方式总体价值的期待作为自己的取向，而且不允许对规范性的意义适当加以重建。尤其是，功利主义忽略了平等地尊重每一个人这样一种道德所具有的个体主义意义。\n\n·元伦理学怀疑论(Skepsis):它导致了从修正论的角度对道德语言游戏加以描述，并且失去了同参与者自我理解之间的联系。这一点在上文已经有所提及。它们无法说明我们想要说明的内容：日常道德实践。如果参与者拒绝承认他们的道德争论具有认知内涵，日常道德实践就将难以为继。8\n\n46\n\n包容他者","previous_page":45,"next_page":47}