{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","uuid":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","normalized_title":"哈贝马斯著作集包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","isbns":["9787208153554"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":389,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%93%88%E8%B4%9D%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E9%9B%86%20%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%BB%96%E8%80%85","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":52,"pdf_page":61,"physical_index":61,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7b80dfcc8af6ed87baaacd21e464190d2741d5ec380f3728f109f839faca4fe1"},"chapter":"包容他者","content":"4\n\n面对这样一种尴尬的局面，出现了两种新的尝试，它们坚持经验主义的前提，但同时也希望能从现象学那里吸纳义务的规范。阿兰·吉巴德(AllanGibbard)主要是从表现主义的角度解释一种团结的共同生活；而恩斯特·图根哈特(ErnstTugendhat）则主要是从契约论的角度重建一种公正的共同生活。但两者的出发点同样都是一种直觉。从功能上说，任何一种道德都是用来解决处于社会互动过程中的生物的行为协调问题的。道德意识是社会群体中合作成员可以相互提出的正当要求的反映。道德情操调节的是如何遵守基本规范的问题。正如图根哈特所说，羞辱和罪责表明，第一人称作为“合作成员”或“好的社会伙伴”失职了。18关于这些情感，吉巴德说道：\n\n他们被糟糕的合作意志所束缚—这是一条特殊的途径，社会成员根本无法成为合作和包容的候选人。19\n\n他们两位试图阐明的是道德的起源和选择以及一种普遍主义理性道德的起源和选择。但是，图根哈特坚持的是参与者的主观视角，而吉巴德选择的则是一条功能阐释的客观化途径。\n\n52\n\n包容他者","previous_page":51,"next_page":53}