{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","id":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","uuid":"ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title":"哈贝马斯著作集 包容他者","normalized_title":"哈贝马斯著作集包容他者","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153554","isbns":["9787208153554"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":389,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%93%88%E8%B4%9D%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E9%9B%86%20%E5%8C%85%E5%AE%B9%E4%BB%96%E8%80%85","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ab07c774-3ed2-48d8-8672-5c17d147d9d8/search"},"page":{"printed_page":79,"pdf_page":88,"physical_index":88,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"54d3d8a7c51a4e7714f773609331155f285c8d6e8d07f5363e88327fab44c8ff"},"chapter":"包容他者","content":"(1)如果话语实践本身是公正判断道德问题的唯一资源，那就必须用话语实践的自我指涉形式来代替道德内涵。正是这样一种观念概括了话语原则“D”:只有那些在实践话语当中得到所有当事人赞同的规范才可以提出有效性要求。这里的“赞同”，是在话语前提下得到的，意味着一种用认知理由建立起来的共识；我们不能认为，赞同就是所有人从自我中心主义角度作出的协商。但是，话语原则应当使论证形式，也就是实现话语共识的途径具有开放性。话语原则“D”并没有假定，离开实质性的背景共识，完全可以对道德规范加以论证。\n\n(2)话语原则“D”明确了有效规范如果可以论证所要满足的条件。在此过程中，道德规范概念必须具有明确性。参与者凭直觉就可以知道该如何参与论证。尽管他们接手的是断言命题的论证，而且也不知道，道德的有效性要求是否可以用同样的方法加以判断，但他们可以推想，论证规范究竟意味着什么。不过，话语原则“D”在操作过程中所缺乏的是一种论证原则，它可以告诉我们如何论证道德规范。\n\n普遍化原则“U”是在话语原则“D”的影响下形成的，但它不再是一种外展性的原则。它所表明的是：\n\n一个规范的有效性前提在于：普遍遵守这个规范，对于每个人的利益格局和价值取向可能造成的后果或负面影响，必须被所有人共同自愿地接受下来。\n\n对此，我们可以作三点评述：首先，在“利益格局和价值取向”\n\n第一部分应然的权威具有多大的合理性?\n\n79","previous_page":78,"next_page":80}