{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ae053936-f6b1-488b-8973-bb2332d1be14","title":"数字技术研究","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787308182003","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ae053936-f6b1-488b-8973-bb2332d1be14","id":"ae053936-f6b1-488b-8973-bb2332d1be14","uuid":"ae053936-f6b1-488b-8973-bb2332d1be14","title":"数字技术研究","normalized_title":"数字技术研究","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787308182003","isbns":["9787308182003"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":790,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ae053936-f6b1-488b-8973-bb2332d1be14","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ae053936-f6b1-488b-8973-bb2332d1be14/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ae053936-f6b1-488b-8973-bb2332d1be14/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ae053936-f6b1-488b-8973-bb2332d1be14","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ae053936-f6b1-488b-8973-bb2332d1be14/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ae053936-f6b1-488b-8973-bb2332d1be14/search"},"page":{"printed_page":"146 / 215","pdf_page":239,"physical_index":239,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"8e3c77eb38ee5f360280cdeb0fdfd7daf0375d4102654d6687f88bf963a5afdd"},"chapter":"第10章 人机交互中的具身理论","content":"对认知主义的批评\n\n认知主义者的思维与互动模型遭到了持各种立场者的持续批评。哲学家约翰·塞尔(JohnSearle,1980)认为，仅以控制抽象符号为基础的模型并不能说明意义是如何附着于这些符号之上的。因而，该模型能否很好地描述人类论证过程是存在疑问的。\n\n德雷福斯(Dreyfus，1979)从海德格尔哲学的角度批评了认知主义，认为该系统将关于世界的知识当作只是各种象征事实的集合，是无法灵活应对不断变化的现实情境的。该系统无法辨认出哪些变化与正在进行的任务有关，而哪些变化则无关。德雷福斯认为，智力活动是建立在人们过往的各种复杂而灵巧的身体体验基础之上的知道如何做事，而不只是知道一些事实：\n\n若说锤子具有锤打的功能，就忽略了锤子与钉子及其他工具、与建造地点以及与我们的技能的关系……若将锤子的功用归结于野蛮的事实，则无法领略日常生活中有意义的活动。（Dreyfus,2007：248)\n\n德雷福斯的批评借鉴了已感知到的传统人工智能的失败，跳出局促的人为环境来进行推理，用事先明确的简明语义来灵活应对复杂的不断变化的环境(如Brooks,1991)。\n\n第10章 人机交互中的具身理论\n\n146\n\n215","previous_page":238,"next_page":240}