{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":126,"pdf_page":130,"physical_index":130,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"5093339cba21619f8abe88845f50fc1e6ece793ac09ab2ac13909ff755df0b1e"},"chapter":"第三章劳工向何处去？","content":"也就是说，把自己设定为资本……只是剩余劳动本身的特殊形式。121这是一个框架，下面的段落必须通过这个框架来理解:\n\n资本迫使工人在必要劳动之外从事剩余劳动。资本只有这样才能实现自己，才能创造剩余价值。但另一方面，它也只是在必要劳动是剩余劳动，而剩余劳动可以作为剩余价值实现的范围和范围内才把它作为必要劳动存在。因此，它把剩余劳动当作必要劳动的条件，把剩余价值当作对象化劳动的界限，当作价值本身的界限。只要它不能以价值为前提，它就不能以必要劳动为前提;而且，鉴于它的基础，也不可能不是这样。因此，资本主义限制劳动和价值的创造(用英国人的话说，是通过人为的限制)，它这样做的根据和范围，和它规定剩余劳动和剩余价值是一样的。因此，就其本性而言，它对劳动和价值创造设置了障碍，这与它无限扩大这两者的倾向是相矛盾的。因为它一方面为自己设置一种特殊的障碍，另一方面又同样地超越和超越一切障碍，所以它是活的矛盾122\n\n这段话的直接语境是个体工人和集体工人(或个体工人和他的阶级)之间的矛盾一一以及由此矛盾产生的幻觉，这种矛盾本身就是由单个资本家和集体资本家(或单个资本家和他的阶级之间)的矛盾所产生的。这段话表达了一个简单的事实，即除了他的工人之外，个人资本家与工人阶级的关系不是作为工人，而是作为消费者:作为货币形式(而不是工资)的交换价值的拥有者。因此，同时限制和扩大马克思所描述的工人的“可交换性”[Tauschfähigkeit]的动力，也就是说，劳动的消费能力。123这就是资本作为“活的矛盾”的意义。但这里我们最感兴趣的是“界限”和“障碍”概念的出现。在《政治政治批判大纲》和其他地方，马克思并没有系统地发展界限和障碍之间的关系，甚至没有系统地发展界限和障碍之间的区别。因此，这段话的重要性在于:它阐明了这种差异和关系可能是什么样子的。然而，这篇论文认为，在马克思的界限和障碍之间还有一种更基本的关系，必须加以揭示，因为它是这种关系的其他表达(如上面所阐述的)的基础，\n\n121 Ibid. 451.\n\n122 Ibid. 421.\n\n123 Capital, then, posits necessary labour-time as the barrier to the exchange-value of living labourcapacity; surplus-labour-time as the barrier to necessary labour-time; and surplus-value as the barrier to surplus-labour-time; while at the same time it drives over and beyond all these barriers, to the extent that it posits labour-capacity opposite itself as something simply engaged in exchange, as money, and surpluslabour-time as the only barrier, because creator [Schöpferin], of surplus-value.’ Karl Marx, Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Okonomie, in Marx and Engels, MEW, Band 42 (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1983), 337 (Grundrisse, 422-23).\n\n126","previous_page":125,"next_page":127}