{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":134,"pdf_page":138,"physical_index":138,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c638e51e03dedec55e4a604854dfe0f173f710b2ed25abddc973172086a49634"},"chapter":"第四章《资本论》:思考历史的条件","content":"第四章《资本论》:思考历史的条件\n\n历史唯物主义……意味着资本主义社会的自我认识。\n\n如前所述，回路C-M-C和M-C-M'之间的差异应该被理解为表达了两种不同的需求概念。第一个回路导致人类需要的满足一一最重要的是满足工人再生产自身存在的需要一一第二个回路与资本自我扩张的需要相关：“不断更新的运动”本身就是一个目的。²此外，潜藏在“M-C-M”循环之下的那种“需要”，构成了对人类需要的歪曲(verrcktheit)，因此，用萨特的话说，价值的自我膨胀把人类的需要转化为迫切需要一一个人被迫为了生存而出卖他的劳动力，正是因为资本必须扩张。3在这方面，如果具体劳动是抽象劳动的内在一一如果前者是总化和时间化的，但只是在它是总化和时间化的力量的内在的范围内一一这是因为只有交换价值，而不是使用价值，才能满足资本自我扩张的需要。4换句话说，只有从资本需要的角度出发，用交换价值来衡量，具体劳动对抽象劳动的内在性的范围才会显露出来。个人出卖他的劳动力，因为他需要生存，但这种需要并不是他随后发生的劳动的总体化和时代化的基础。支配这种劳动的目的论目的的需要不是工人消费生活资料的需要，而是创造注定要进行交换的使用价值的需要。在资本主义中，工人没有设定他的行为的目的——资本设定了——因此，他消费生活资料的需要与这些资料的实际生产是完全分开的。唯一真正把人类生活资料的生产和消费联系起来的是工资。\n\n因此，尽管具体劳动和抽象劳动的总体性和时间性是不同的(这一点很重要:如果不承认这一点，它们之间就没有辩证法)，\n\n1 Georg Lukács, Te Changing Function of Historical Materialism' [1919], in History and Class Consciousness, 229. .Thus historical materialism is, in the first instance, a theory of bourgeois society and its economic structure'. Ibid.\n\n2 Marx, Capital 1, 253.\n\n3 For Sartre, this represents the sense in which the practico-inert temporalises: exigency -or need from the standpoint of the practico-inert -constitutes the systematised perversion, the systematic co-option, of the temporalising basis of human praxis.\n\n4However, only use-value -e.g. the use-value of labour-power -produces that which satisfies capital’ s need for self-expansion. Only the use-value of labour-power produces surplus-value.\n\n134","previous_page":133,"next_page":135}