{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":148,"pdf_page":152,"physical_index":152,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a4bc04315258f053d47c96f8355667bf84f3046484cd3f9f0b57e3c0c5ead4b8"},"chapter":"第四章《资本论》:思考历史的条件","content":"关系41，举例来说，行会工人如何成为雇佣工人，而他们的劳动过程的内容实际上并没有改变。另一方面，真正的包容产生了马克思所描述的“特殊的资本主义生产方式”。众所周知，剩余价值的生产—一必要劳动和剩余劳动之间的差异和关系的生产—一同样推动着形式包容和现实包容:价值增值过程包含了劳动过程，因为资本需要自我扩张(以生产剩余价值)。因此，马克思直接把两种不同的消费形式与两种不同的剩余价值生产形式联系起来，对这两种形式的分析构成了《资本论》第一卷的一半形式的包容对应于“绝对剩余价值”的生产:工作日的绝对延长超过了劳动力所有者再生产所必需的劳动时间，而实际的包容对应于“相对剩余价值”的生产:再生产劳动力所有者所必需的劳动时间的缩短，因而工作日的两个组成部分各自长度的相应变化。42因此，绝对剩余价值之所以是“绝对的”，是因为它涉及到再生产工人所必需的时间的绝对延长，而相对剩余价值之所以是“相对的”，是因为剩余劳动时间的增加是相对于必要劳动时间的减少的，以便使工作日保持不变。甚至可以缩短。简而言之，形式的包容，以及与之相关的绝对剩余价值，是一个广泛的过程，而真正的包容，以及与之相关的相对剩余价值，则是一个密集的过程。然而，正如劳动过程和价值增值过程一样，我们最终关心的不是形式/真实的包容和绝对/相对剩余价值之间的区别，而是它们之间的关系，因为人们可能会说，正是这些关系构成了:劳动和增值过程的辩证法的“内在实体”。对马克思来说，包容是一个辩证范畴:它记录了价值增值过程如何在劳动过程内部内化和外化，但这并不意味着形式包容和现实包容之间的关系是辩证关系。就其本身而言，形式的包容和现实的包容可以理解为辩证的过程，因为它们各自表达了劳动过程和增殖过程之间关系的不同形式，但在马克思那里，没有“形式的包容和现实的包容的辩证法”（也没有“绝对剩余价值和相对剩余价值的辩证法”)。然而，这丝毫没有减少揭示社会的必然性的需要\n\n41 Marx, Capital 1, 1020-21.\n\n42 Ibid. 432. Whereas Marx rarely directly uses the term subsumption' in the first volume of Capital proper, the Results of the Immediate Production-Process renders the relationship between formal and real subsumption, and absolute and relative surplus-value, quite explicit:If the production of absolute surplusvalue was the material expression [materieller Ausdruck] of the formal subsumptioņ of labour under capital, then the production of relative surplus-value may be viewed as its real subsumption.’ Ibid. 1025.\n\n148","previous_page":147,"next_page":149}