{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":157,"pdf_page":161,"physical_index":161,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9d9093b4209abcc580f102c43251604161d5dbef2c67e7e00eecf1c629cf5596"},"chapter":"第四章《资本论》:思考历史的条件","content":"这里必须强调的事实是，正如马克思所阐明的那样，已经包含在生产资料中的劳动质量，与添加到生产过程中的劳动质量是相同的。7每一种都代表着这种劳动的不同量，但都包含着同一种“一般社会劳动”:抽象劳动。因此，随着劳动力的商品化，每一种劳动的客观性，无论是已经构成的，还是仍在构成自身的过程中，都是由价值形式的纯粹社会客观性构成的。这就是这里所表达的客观性:不仅是价值的“幽灵般的”客观性，而且是处于自动过程状态的价值的客观性，两者都不像“物质的过程感性”。因此，随着劳动力的商品化，现在和过去的客观性，或者更准确地说，资本生产过程中现在和过去的辩证法的客观性，是由价值形式的纯粹社会客观性所构成的。这就向我们展示了本论题的一个基本关注点的关键发展:正在进行的第一个历史行为的时间性，这种时间性为我们提供了历史时间的可能基础。就人类生活资料的社会生产与资本的生产过程之间的关系而言，现在应该清楚的是，这是一种完全由价值形式作为中介的关系:如果资本构成了一种激进的历史化力量，如果它的生产构成了不断地生产新的人类需要，以至于资本以(迄今为止)任何其他历史主体都无法比拟的方式将人类需要系统化，那么这是因为这些新的需要出现在价值的社会形式中。但是，使资本主义内部的第一个历史行为具有时间性的本体论力量，现在已经被潜在地识别出来了:死劳动取代活劳动:机器取代活劳动的趋势。当然，这是一种辩证的替代:在一个行业中，机器对工人的替代是在其他新行业中活劳动的积极创造一一积极扩张。因此，过去并没有“取代”现在，相反，过去的劳动在现在的范围内，在现在和过去的辩证法范围内，取代了现在的劳动，并在这样做的过程中，构成了历史的现在的多方面扩张。因此，过去的构成力量并不是萨特所说的实际惰性，而是死劳动的自动化。萨特对现在的决定是由现在之内的过去决定的(实践惰性)，这不能解释内在的运动(这也解释了他对共时性/历时性模型的依赖)，而马克思对现在的决定是由现在中的过去决定的:它给了我们原因(由机器带头的真实包容)为什么生产过程启动了一种历史时间。未来一一历史的未来—一在这里也被赋予了活力:资本的生产过程所担保的终极目标，使历史的未来在持续的、自我扩展的、现在和过去的辩证法中占有一席之地。\n\npresent in time, alive, then it can be present only as the living subject, in which it exists as capacity, as possibility; hence as worker.’ Marx, Grundrisse, 272. The crucial thing to keep in mind in this passage, as well as its counterpart in the Results of the Immediate Production-Process, is that, consequent to the commodification of labour-power, living labour', non-objectified labour' as well as labour which is present in time' (all of which mean the same thing), is labour subsumed by the valorisatioņ-process. In other words, the worker may be a human being opposed to capital, but this 'living subject' is only a subject by virtue of being within the production-process.\n\n70Marx, Capital 1, 994.\n\n157","previous_page":156,"next_page":158}