{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":159,"pdf_page":163,"physical_index":163,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"98b9eefe6d3cc911e78a7ea7798ecccdc5497c254591db952392410cb5d4da6e"},"chapter":"第四章《资本论》:思考历史的条件","content":"只是作为一种有意识的器官，分散在机械系统的各个环节上的单个活着的工人中间;被纳入机器本身的整个过程之下，作为自身只是系统的一个环节，其统一性不存在于活的工人中，而存在于活的(活动的)机器中，它作为一个强大的有机体，面对着他个人的、微不足道的行为\n\n这段话再次证实了许多已经建立起来的关于劳动过程和增值过程的辩证法的观点:(1)在这些过程之间存在着一种总化的关系(这一段中的增殖过程可以理解为基于一种“机器系统”)，这样，劳动过程仅仅是机器的一个“器官”(这再现了前一章所描述的具体劳动和抽象劳动之间的关系);(2)是机器——而不是工人—一使资本的生产过程“活跃”起来;因此(3)赋予生产过程“生命”的是资本对永动机的需要，而不是人(人需要休息)。但是，现在必须在这里提出和评论的是，这段话可能在资本主义本身的结构内部记录了一种基本的转变—一如果不是结构的重新调整的话。更准确地说，这是一种可能性，即机器的自动系统取代了在引入这一系统之前将资本主义定义为一种生产方式的东西。内格里比任何人都更有力地表达了这一立场。他对这段话的直接评论，首次在1978年春天的ÉcoleNormalesupsamrieure研讨会上提出，符合他在《时间的构成》中对真实包容的解读:机器系统不只是将劳动过程简化为“价值增值过程的一个简单元素”72，而是将生产过程扩展到社会本身。因此，对内格里来说，“劳动的真正包容不能不(同时)是社会的真正包容”。社会的，换句话说，社会生产力的，特别是科学的……整个体系被取代和进步的时刻到来了。73.我们以前\n\n71 Marx, Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie, 592-93 (Grundrisse, 692-93). There is a counterpart to this passage, in the 1861-63 Manuscripts, which captures the automation within the other aspects of real subsumption: cooperation and the division of labour. In this passage, Marx stresses thę manner in which the worker becomes the exclusive life-process'of one of the multiple monosyllabic' processes involved in the production of a commodity, such that the overall production-process of a single commodity appears now as a combined operation, a complex of many operations, all of which complement each other independently, and can be carried out simultaneously alongside each other.' Indeed, it is for Marx simultaneity [Gleichzeitigkeit] that is the defining temporal feature of cooperation and the division of labour. With real subsumption,, the multiple processes that yield a commodity no longer follow each other in chronological sequence’ , but are simultaneously undertaken, such that 'the complementarity of the different processes is here transferred from the future to the present, whereby a commodíty which is begun at one side is finished at the other.’ Marx, Economic Manuscripts of 1861-63, 277-78.\n\n72Negri, Marx Beyond Marx, 142.\n\n73 Ibid. Therefore the subsumption of society has become the production of that same society. The displacement is total…at this stage, the capitalist appropriation of society is total.' Ibid. 142-43.\n\n159","previous_page":158,"next_page":160}