{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":160,"pdf_page":164,"physical_index":164,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"55438a91f1645eaf0949b27d2557f43efce3eff3ddc644d091f896bfe622fff7"},"chapter":"第四章《资本论》:思考历史的条件","content":"概述了“社会的完全包容”概念的问题，不需要再次重申。然而，对于内格里来说，我们还没有考虑到这种包容的总体实践后果是什么：“价值规律”本身的位移，以至于真正的包容构成了劳动时间作为价值尺度的废除。正如内格里在《时间的构成》中挑衅性地断言：“在包容的实现所产生的位移中，时间作为价值尺度的统一范式被粉碎了。”包容产生了一个完全包涵的时间本体，消解了测量的可能性。74.简单地说，这是内格里在这一时期对马克思的解读所围绕的基本轴心(到目前为止，内格里还没有abandoned5))。我们可以在此way76:总结到真实包容的“阶段”，时间衡量价值的能力是以使用价值对交换价值的外部性为基础的。这是因为:(1)各种劳动归结为“简单平均劳动”，而与这种归结相适应的时间(如社会必要劳动时间、交换价值时间、计量时间)，如马克思所说，是“由生产者背后的社会过程确定的”77;因此(2)“作为尺度的时间”是由生产之外的领域决定的:即使用价值领域。在这个意义上，使用价值是使交换价值的时间成为可能的外部催化剂：“交换价值的尺度是从外部……由以使用价值为基础的时间量决定的。”78然而，随着真实的或“总的”包容的出现，使用价值完全(即非辩证法地)内化并被交换价值重新定义，使得不同的劳动不可约化为“简单的平均劳动”，因此，计量时间成为“纯粹和简单的同义重复”79，这个时间，没有外部的立场来衡量它，它就变成了它自己的尺度。因此，“社会劳动”不再与马克思向我们展示的“社会劳动时间”相联系，而是成为一种劳动形式，在这种劳动形式中，“生活的总体”和“编织这种生活的总体时间”是无法区分的。80时间不能\n\n74 Negri, The Constitution of Time' , 42.\n\n75 The displacement of the labour theory of value is at the heart of Hardt and Negri’ s well-known, and much maligned, trilogy' : Empire (2000), Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire (2004), and Commonwealth (2009).\n\n76 This is simply a summary of the first section of the frst chapter of The Constitution of Time’ , which Negri entitles Time-as-measure and productive time' , but the fact is that this seçtion grounds Negri’ s broader critique of the labour theory of value. See Negri, The Constitution of Time’ , 23-9.\n\n77Marx, Capital 1, 135.\n\n78Negri, The Constitution of Time’, 24.\n\n79 Ibid. 27. If time-as-measure' remains, it is only in the flow between labour and time. A continuous time. A tautological time.' Ibid.\n\n80 Ibid. 29. Negri'.s work in this period pave the way for analyses of what has become variously known as immaterial labour',cognitive capitalism'andaffective labour'. See, for instance, Paolo Virno, General Intellect' , Historical Materialism 15:3 (2007), 3-8, as well as Carlo Vercellone, From Foral Subsumption to General Intellect: Elements for a Marxist Reading of the Thesis of Cognitive Capitalism' Historicl Materialism 15:1 (2007), 13-36, which argues tht Marx' s use of the expression general intellect’ marks a new historical stage of developmentafter' formal and real subsumption.\n\n160","previous_page":159,"next_page":161}