{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":173,"pdf_page":177,"physical_index":177,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a9cd35f4be0c81fb29b7e6a99d90629299960bd210587b1aff2aa21946c55ee7"},"chapter":"第四章《资本论》:思考历史的条件","content":"因此，阅读强调了马克思在《资本论》第一卷的最后几章中提供的经验历史:特别是农业农民从他们耕种和集体拥有的土地上被剥夺(以及批准这种剥夺的议会法案)，国家的多种发展及其行使权力的机制122，以及在欧洲民族国家的范围之外，殖民积累和帝国主义战争的全球影响。123如德安吉利斯所示，列宁的《俄国资本主义的发展》(1899)可以说开创了这种阅读，成为原始积累的主导阅读，随后，罗莎·卢森堡的《资本积累》（1913)和关于从封建主义向资本主义过渡的臭名昭著的“多布-斯威齐辩论”以不同的方式挪用了这一阅读方式。124这些解读并不令人惊讶，也并非毫无价值，只要它们忠实于马克思的立场，即原始积累“先于资本主义积累”，原始积累“不是资本主义生产方式的结果，而是资本主义生产方式的出发点”。125\n\n然而，不可否认的是，这种对原始积累的解读丢失了一些东西——一些相当重要的东西。失去的(在二手文献中，如果不是共识，这一点日益成为一个重点)是资本主义内部原始积累的连续的，实际上是永久的特征的各种维度，这样原始积累是资本主义生产方式的一个必然的持续特征。而这并不是一一或者至少不是主要的——一个经验性的观点，也就是说，这是一个关于资本在世界某些地区(中国是当代的范例)持续引入和扩张的观点，而这些地区以前是在资本的范围之外的，如果只是相对而言的话。虽然这一点很重要，但这一点只是再现了“原始积累”是一个按时间顺序排列的概念\n\n122 Marx' s analysis of the credit-system, the modern system of taxation, and the political economic function of debt is notable: the national debt, i.e. the alienation [Veräußerung] of the state -whether that state is despotic, constitutional or republican -marked the capitalist era with its stamp. The only part of the so-called national wealth that actually enters into the collective possession of a modern nation is -the national debt. Marx, Capital 1, 919. If there is a subject’ of originary accumulation, it is the state, not capital. To my knowledge, there is to date no work that looks at the capital-state relation from the standpoint of the relation between capitalist and originary accumulation.\n\n123 The discovery of gold and silver in America, the extermination, enslavement and entombment in mines of the indigenous population of that continent, the beginnings of the conquest and plunder of India, and the conversion of Africa into a preserve for the commercial hunting of blackskins, are all things which signify the dawn of capitalist production. These idyllic processes are the chief moments of originary accumulation. Marx, Kapital 1, 779 (Capital 1, 915).\n\n124 De Angelis, Marx and primitive accumulation: The continuous character of capital' s \"enclosures\"’, 2-4. The standard conception of originary accumulation still exercises a fair amount of influence. For instance, in his recent review of Oskar Negt and Alexander Kluge' s Geschichte und Eigensinn (1981) (translated in 2014 asHistory and Obstinacy'), Stewart Martin questions Negt and Kluge s declaration that primitive accumulation not only, stands at the beginning of modern human development, but also permanently renews itself in every moment.' See Stewart Martin, Political economy of life: Negt and Kluge' s History and Obstinacy' , Radical Philosophy 190 (March/April 2015), 33.\n\n125 Marx, Capital 1, 873.\n\n173","previous_page":172,"next_page":174}