{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":178,"pdf_page":182,"physical_index":182,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"e139cc52ac0465d61fbf3d16e891959eb33eae1c2dbf24c5fbddeb3073483bd7"},"chapter":"第四章《资本论》:思考历史的条件","content":"事实上，劳动过程本身的多种分化和扩展，但同样是因为资本的总化将现有的劳动过程指定为“不充分资本主义”或完全“非资本主义”：“过时的”劳动过程(这一过程与“新”的辩证生产相吻合，即“旧”的积极创造，正如第一章中正在进行的第一个历史行为所概述的那样)。这就是原始积累的重要性。什么是“不充分的”或“非资本主义的”劳动过程的指定，当然辩证地服从于什么是“充分的”资本主义，因此服从于被重新创造-纳入-作为一个新的劳动过程。使这种再创造成为可能的是生产资料与生产者的再分离，这一过程绝不是以强制和暴力为主要特征的，但它从不缺少原始积累的潜在可能性(无处不在)和公开现实性(某处)。否认这一点，就是有效地否认资本对国家的持续需求(只有国家才能保证和保障作为资本主义主体的资本)，以及资本对战争的持续依赖。145在这方面，劳动的真正包容—一或“特殊的资本主义生产方式”——不仅如前面所示，导致劳动的形式包容的扩大，而且导致资本本身的原始积累。如果真正的包容构成了生产过程中的“不断重复的革命”，那么原始积累既是生产过程的前提，也是它的结果。换句话说，原始积累同时是现实的原因和结果，即“分离”不是一次性的行为，而在资本主义中是短暂的，正是因为构成生产的“手段”和“条件”的东西一一从而更普遍地说是资本的生产过程一—是不断革命的。换句话说，如果“资本一旦在历史上发展起来，它自己就创造了它存在的条件(不是作为它产生的条件，而是作为它存在的结果)”146，那么原始积累必须被理解为是资本存在的结果的条件之一。 147\n\n145 The implicit temporal orientation of those analyses that stress the continuous character' of originary accumulation is -for the most part -the past, which is to say that originary accumulation is (within capitalism) predominantly theorised as a reactionary process. This is the underlying assumption behind David Harvey' s rereading of originary accumulation as accumulation by dispossession' , such that the new imperialism' is fundamentally a response to the economic crises of the 1970s. See David Harvey, The New Imperialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003). De Angelis argues that the temporal dimension [of originary accumulation] includes in principle both the period of the establishment of a capitalist mode of production and the preservation and expansion of the capitalist mode of production any time he producers set themselves as an obstacle to the reproduction of their separation to the means of production.' De Angelis, Marx and primitive accumulation: The continuous character of capital' s \"enclosures\", 13. Originary accumulation thereby becomes a deliberate response or strategy, ex post facto, to existing forms of class struggle. This is not incorrect, but it obscures the sense in which originary accumulation is also and systematically structured by the future, such that it represents a form of speculation -a gamble, a hedge -on capital' s need to self-expand.\n\n146 Marx, Grundrisse, 459.\n\n147Thus, primițive accumulation becomes not only a cause of the capitalist ode of production but its effect.' Read, Primitive Accumulation: the Aleatory Foundation of Capitalism' , 37.\n\n178","previous_page":177,"next_page":179}