{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":189,"pdf_page":193,"physical_index":193,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"5c3c21b33f8498a7c29b2861a20a6d8147528dbeff367e890eddb3bdf2d114c3"},"chapter":"第四章《资本论》:思考历史的条件","content":"在某个临界点上，它们的统一就会通过产生一种危机而强烈地表现出来。2⁵在这方面，“危机”可以被理解为相互依赖的过程的强制运动，这些过程已经变得不可移动。因此，危机不仅是缺乏资本这一基本运动，而且也是“在已经变得独立的要素之间强行建立统一，以及在本质上是一体的要素之间强行相互分离”。正如马克思在其他地方所说的那样，“在中断流通的同时，也发生了强制流通。 ”,27\n\n然而，马克思经常强调这一点，对危机的这种理解只不过是危机的形式可能性，“危机的一般的、抽象的可能性只不过是危机的最抽象的形式，没有内容，没有引人注目的激励因素。”28在资本主义中，把危机的形式可能性转化为实际危机的“内容”是一个偶然性的问题，因此只能通过实际的政治经济事件来认识。然而，根据马克思的术语，每一个具体的资本主义危机所记录的一一这是我们必须关注的第二个层面一一是工业资本周期特征的“周期性”危机，正如托姆巴佐斯所表达的那样，危机是资本主义生产的“正常”，必要和不可避免的时刻。29奥斯本很好地总结了对危机的这种理解:\n\n1. 危机是资本主义生产过程中结构性矛盾的表现形式——正如马克思所说，危机使矛盾“浮出水面”。\n\n2.危机是暂时解决这些矛盾的手段，因此也是调解这些矛盾的新形式，从而恢复积累的条件。\n\n3.积累条件的恢复，同时也是制度内部矛盾条件的更新，正是这些矛盾首先引起了危机。30\n\n从这个角度来看，危机是工业资本扩大再生产的一个功能方面。在社会总资本的层面上，危机可以理解为资本的一个或多个“生命周期”内矛盾的表现，以及随之而来的“心律失常”的暂时(强制)解决，这样，危机实际上是更广泛的再生产\n\n25 Marx, Capital 1, 209. The point here is that the value-form in no way ensures that the movement of valorisation is continuous. Marx’ s well-known critique of Say' s law summarises this: no one can sell unless someone else purchases. But no one directly needs to purchase because he has just sold.’ Ibid. 208-9.\n\n26 Marx, Economic Manuscripts of 1861-63 (Continuation), in MECW, Volume 32, 144.\n\n27Marx, Grundrisse, 600. See also ibid. 443-44.\n\n28Marx, Economic Manuscripts of 1861-63 (Continuation), in MECW, Volume 32, 140.\n\n29 Tombazos, Time in Marx, 274.\n\n30 Osborne, A sudden topicality: Marx, Nietzsche and the politics of crisis’, 20.\n\n189","previous_page":188,"next_page":190}