{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":22,"pdf_page":26,"physical_index":26,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"433f5bc8617875c6612d8e490693867d6bb536e26a43911203b471efc5d634f7"},"chapter":"第一章唯物主义历史观:一种时间解读","content":"1.2唯物主义的历史观:德意志意识形态\n\n现在我们来看《德意志意识形态》在“唯物主义和唯心主义观点的对立”一节中，概述了唯物主义历史观的轮廓，马克思和恩格斯通过三个假设建立了“一切人类历史的第一个前提”：\n\n(1)一切人类历史的第一个前提是……活生生的人类个体的存在。因此，第一个需要确定的事实就是这些个人的肉体组织以及由此产生的他们同自然界其余部分的关系……\n\n(2)人类可以通过意识、宗教或其他任何你喜欢的东西来区别于动物。人一开始生产自己的生活资料(这一步骤是由他们的身体组织决定的)，他们自己就开始区别于动物了。人类在生产自己的生活资料的同时，也间接地生产着自己的物质生活……\n\n(3)人类生产生活资料的方式，首先取决于他们实际找到的、必须再生产的生活资料的性质。这种生产方式不能简单地认为是个人肉体存在的再生产。相反，它是这些个人的一定的活动形式，是他们表现自己生活的一定形式，是他们的一定的生活方式。个人怎样表现自己的生活，他们就是怎样的人。因此，他们是什么与他们的生产是一致的，既与他们生产什么一致，也与他们如何生产一致。因此，个人是什么样的人，取决于他们生产的物质条件。31\n\n《德意志意识形态》为《提纲》的新唯物主义增添了独特的历史逻辑。正如我们现在所考虑的，它也为《1844年经济和哲学手稿》(32)(以下简称《1844年手稿》)和《詹姆斯·穆勤的《政治经济学要素》节选》的哲学人类学增添了独特的历史逻辑。3《德意志意识形态》中的唯物主义历史观是以人类学的唯物主义概念为基础的:因为\n\n31 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Die deutsche Ideologie (hereafter DI), in Marx and Engels, MEW, Band 3 (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1978) 20-1 (GI, 42). In adition to its colloqujal meaniņg as victuals, Lebenșmittel can be translated as means of subsistence' , means of existence' and means of life' . Means of subsistence’ is the predominant and weakest choice, as it exclusively emphasises the reproduction of the physical existence ofindividuals’ , a dimension in which Marx' s concept of life' [Leben] is necessarily grounded, but which it also profoundly expands.\n\n32 See Karl Marx, The Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 [1844] (hereafter EPM), trans. Martin Mulligan (New York: International Publishers, 1964). The German edition cited in this thesis is Karl Marx, Ö konomisch-philosophische Manuskripte aus dem Jahre 1844 (hereafter OPM), in Marx and Engels, MEW, Band 40 (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1968).\n\n33 See Karl Marx, Excerpts from James Mill's Elements of Political Economy [1844] (hereafter JM), in Marx, Early Writings, 259-78. The German edition cited in this thesis is Karl Marx, Āuszüge aus James Mills Buch E lémens d'économie politique (hereafter AJM), in Marx and Engels, MEW, Band 40 (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1968).\n\n22","previous_page":21,"next_page":23}