{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","id":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","uuid":"b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title":"Marx and the Concept of Historical Time","normalized_title":"marxandtheconceptofhistoricaltime","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":200,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Marx%20and%20the%20Concept%20of%20Historical%20Time","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b1ad407a-d523-4f8b-bd50-238767f146d6/search"},"page":{"printed_page":35,"pdf_page":39,"physical_index":39,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9a090bef4a86ae04f37a32875b911c7f3e26a311f4b74366bcf38090ce1b2843"},"chapter":"第一章唯物主义历史观:一种时间解读","content":"他宣称，“从直接生产者那里榨取无偿剩余劳动的特殊经济形式，决定了统治和奴役的关系，因为这种关系直接产生于生产本身，并反过来反作用于生产本身，从而决定了这种关系。”66这段话当然是针对特定的生产方式的，但它仍然把我们的注意力引向一种可行的可能性，即把基础上层建筑模型解读为内在的共构，这样每个“水平”相互决定。这种解读缓和了诸如“生活决定意识，意识不决定生活”等宣言中的哲学僵化。正如雷蒙德·威廉姆斯(Raymond Williams)所主张的那样，我们必须“重估”这个模式中的“决心”，“朝着设定限制和施加压力的方向，远离一种被预测的、被预见的和被控制的内容”，以便使上层建筑远离一种单方面的“反映的、复制的或特别依赖的内容”。67对葛兰西来说，这是一种时尚，在这种时尚中，意识形态已经渗透到基础的各个方面，包括基础内部“有机的”和“联合的”运动的发展。68这些干预促进了历史哲学内部对马克思与黑格尔关系的新解读的可能性，这种解读根植于对生活的理解，而不仅仅是简单地“颠倒”意识。69这种相互构成不需要像阿尔都塞所警告的那样，偷偷带入唯心主义辩证法，因为这将与经济是一一但只是“最后”——历史的本体论基础的观点相一致。恩格斯在1890年给约瑟夫·布洛赫的信中很好地总结了这一点：“根据唯物主义历史观，历史的决定因素归根到底是现实生活的生产和再生产。除了这一点，马克思和我从来没有说过。因此，如果有人歪曲这一点说\n\n66 Karl Marx, Das Kapital: Kritik der politischen Ökonomie, Dritter Band: Der Gesamtprozeß der kapitalistischen Produktion [1894], herausgegeben von Friedrich Engels (hereafter Kapital 3), in Marx and Engels, MEW, Band 25 (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1964), 799 (Karl Marx, Capital: a Critique of Political Economy, Vol. 3: the Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole (hereafter Capital 3), ed. Friedrich Engels, trans. David Fernbach (London and New York: Penguin Books, 1991), 927. Emphasis added. See also Louis Althusser, 'Is it Simple to be a Marxist in Philosophy?’ [1975], Essays in Šelf-Criticism, ed. and trans. Grahame Lock (Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press, 1998), 176.\n\n67 Raymond Williams, Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory' , New Left Review I/82 (November/December 1973), 6.\n\n68Antonio Gramsci, Analysis of Situations. Relations of Force’ [1931-1934], in Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci, ed. and trans. Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith (New York: International Publishers, 1999), 180.\n\n69 An underappreciated contribution to this reading, which in many ways is more sophisticated than Marx' s well-known critiques of Hegel, is Herbert Marcuse, Hegel's Ontology and the Theory of Historicity [1932], trans. Seyla Benhabib (Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 1989). In the shadow of Marx and Heidegger, this work is a systematic attempt to establish the philosophical basis of history within life, qua the motility [Bewegtheit] of being, by way of a critical reconstruction of Hegel’ s Logic, the Early Theological Writings and the Phenomenology.\n\n35","previous_page":34,"next_page":36}