{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b8cc8f3f-5852-4365-9175-1ab6a36c20fd","title":"重读马克思：文本及其思想 第10卷 “资本一般”与政治经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300254760","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"b8cc8f3f-5852-4365-9175-1ab6a36c20fd","id":"b8cc8f3f-5852-4365-9175-1ab6a36c20fd","uuid":"b8cc8f3f-5852-4365-9175-1ab6a36c20fd","title":"重读马克思：文本及其思想 第10卷 “资本一般”与政治经济学批判","normalized_title":"重读马克思文本及其思想第10卷资本一般与政治经济学批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300254760","isbns":["9787300254760"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":376,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b8cc8f3f-5852-4365-9175-1ab6a36c20fd","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%87%8D%E8%AF%BB%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%EF%BC%9A%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%20%E7%AC%AC10%E5%8D%B7%20%E2%80%9C%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E2%80%9D%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/b8cc8f3f-5852-4365-9175-1ab6a36c20fd/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/b8cc8f3f-5852-4365-9175-1ab6a36c20fd/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/b8cc8f3f-5852-4365-9175-1ab6a36c20fd","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b8cc8f3f-5852-4365-9175-1ab6a36c20fd/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/b8cc8f3f-5852-4365-9175-1ab6a36c20fd/search"},"page":{"printed_page":83,"pdf_page":102,"physical_index":102,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9bd6b765146c0d3336592398108a16142a61c6f6424d3d36fc7a9ab3d2016930"},"chapter":"第二章“资本一般”的批判对象和批判方法","content":"在经济学理论上，重农学派将经济体看作由自然法则支配的、独立于人类意志的实证性的领域，认为人能够像发现自然科学规律一样地发现经济体的自然规律；其代表成果就是魁奈的《经济表》，他将社会经济活动呈现为一个相互关联的整体。在利润或剩余价值的实现问题上，\n\n与重商主义不同，重农学派认为“产品是按自己的价值出卖的，不是高于自己的价值出卖的。……产品按它的价值出卖，卖者就实现了剩余价值”③。因为在农民或租地农场主的农业生产中，“土地的生产率使劳动者能够在一个工作日(假定为已知量）生产出多于他维持生活所必需消费的东西”④。投入土地的劳动会生产出高于投入成本的农业产品，不仅可以补偿生产参与者的投入，而且还会有产品剩余。重农学派认为地租是“真正的、经济的、可以说是合法的积累源泉”⑤。对地租的经济学解释同时也是对经济动机的辩护，以此出发，在农业生产中获利就成为一种道德的、自然的欲望，个人追求私利的自由竞争状态将使社会和经济从中受益。因此，马克思才会说重农学派“在资产阶级视野以内对资本进行分析…把生产的资本主义形式变成生产的一种永恒的自然形式”①。\n\n第二章“资本一般”的批判对象和批判方法\n\n②同①20.\n\n① 马克思恩格斯全集：第33卷.2版.北京：人民出版社，2004：21.\n\n③同①28.\n\n④ 同①24.\n\n⑤同①36.\n\n83","previous_page":82,"next_page":84}