{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ba5508dd-cbe1-4126-aea9-a8f0fad2633e","title":"交往与社会进化","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ba5508dd-cbe1-4126-aea9-a8f0fad2633e","id":"ba5508dd-cbe1-4126-aea9-a8f0fad2633e","uuid":"ba5508dd-cbe1-4126-aea9-a8f0fad2633e","title":"交往与社会进化","normalized_title":"交往与社会进化","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":284,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ba5508dd-cbe1-4126-aea9-a8f0fad2633e","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%A4%E5%BE%80%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ba5508dd-cbe1-4126-aea9-a8f0fad2633e/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ba5508dd-cbe1-4126-aea9-a8f0fad2633e/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ba5508dd-cbe1-4126-aea9-a8f0fad2633e","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ba5508dd-cbe1-4126-aea9-a8f0fad2633e/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ba5508dd-cbe1-4126-aea9-a8f0fad2633e/search"},"page":{"printed_page":59,"pdf_page":88,"physical_index":88,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"040cd94ce742d07082a5d6edd03b5cb76a902bbeda9705757446c0fc00a5c7bc"},"chapter":"第一章什么是普遍语用学","content":"1.“我想念你。”\n\n2.“我希望……”\n\n这类句子很少被明确嵌入到一个以言行事行为中，例如：\n\n1a.“我特此向你表达，我想念你。\n\n在语言的表达式运用中，具有公开的自我呈示功能的人际关系不是主题，它只是在言说者真诚性的预先假定有问题时才需要被提及，表白(avowals)乃是一个范例：\n\n3.“我必须向你承认……”\n\n4.“我不想对你隐瞒……”\n\n由于这个理由，表达性言语行为(揭发、隐瞒、暴露等等)与语言的表达式运用(这种运用在一定意义上，没有以言行事行为也行)相关连，不能采用与断言性言语行为相关于语言的认识式运用相同的方法；也不能采用与调整性言语行为相关于语言的相互作用相同式运用的方法。只要交往行为的预先假设没有被悬置，真诚性就是言语的一个普遍性内涵。在言语的认识式运用中，言说者必须真诚地表述他的思想、意见、假设等等。然而，由于他直陈了一个陈述，问题的焦点就不是其意向的真诚性，而是其陈述的真实性。与此相似，在语言的相互作用式运用中，言说者表达了承诺、惩罚、拒绝以及诸如此类的意向，由于他造成了与听者之间的人际关系，其意向的真诚性就仅仅成了一个必要条件，重要的则是其行为要适合于被认可的规范性关联域。\n\n这样，我们就得到了下列关系表：\n\n第一章 什么是普遍语用学\n\n59","previous_page":58,"next_page":60}