{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"bbcce9bd-b637-4fa6-8a80-dadabab80104","title":"数字化生存 20周年纪念版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787121307362","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"bbcce9bd-b637-4fa6-8a80-dadabab80104","id":"bbcce9bd-b637-4fa6-8a80-dadabab80104","uuid":"bbcce9bd-b637-4fa6-8a80-dadabab80104","title":"数字化生存 20周年纪念版","normalized_title":"数字化生存20周年纪念版","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787121307362","isbns":["9787121307362"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":362,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/bbcce9bd-b637-4fa6-8a80-dadabab80104","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%98%2020%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E7%89%88","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/bbcce9bd-b637-4fa6-8a80-dadabab80104/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/bbcce9bd-b637-4fa6-8a80-dadabab80104/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/bbcce9bd-b637-4fa6-8a80-dadabab80104","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/bbcce9bd-b637-4fa6-8a80-dadabab80104/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/bbcce9bd-b637-4fa6-8a80-dadabab80104/search"},"page":{"printed_page":204,"pdf_page":275,"physical_index":275,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"8ae2ed9dada0a6971a0fc56bb9491894e59c986c4c6187c7875b6dadebe68b1e"},"chapter":"20周年纪念版 数字化生存 一本影响千百万人的互联网启蒙经典著作","content":"寻找同伴的呼唤\n\n数字化改变了机器与机器交流标准的特点。过去，人们习惯于聚在日内瓦或其他地方开国际会议，一槌敲定（这是工业化的年代里一个颇能说明问题的比喻）从频谱分配到电信协议等一切事物的世界标准。有时，这个过程旷日持久，例如由于对综合服务数字网（Integrated ServicesDigitalNetwork，ISDN)[①]的电话标准讨论太久，等到标准通过时，技术已经落伍了。\n\n标准制订委员会的操作前提和心态是，电子信号就好像螺纹一样。为了让螺钉和螺帽能适用于不同的国家，我们必须在每一个关键尺寸上都达成一致，而不是只制订部分标准。即使你算好了每英寸或每公分该有多少螺纹，假如直径不对，螺钉和螺帽仍然无法配套。机械世界在这方面的要求是很苛刻的。\n\n比特就宽容多了。比特很适合更高级的语言描述和“协议”(protocol，原意为“礼仪”，过去专指上流社会在社交上的繁文缛节)。有些协议可以具体到规定两部机器如何“握手”。“握手”(handshaking)这个词，实际上是个技术术语，指两部机器之间如何建立通信，并且决定在通话中使用哪些变数。\n\n下次你使用传真或调制解调器时注意听听看。所有那些杂音和难听的哔哔声，实际上都是在进行机器之间的联系交换。这些寻找同伴的呼唤声，就是在想办法商讨出所有变数中的最大公分母，以便找出交换比特的最广范围。\n\n204\n\nbeing digital数字化生存\n\n[1]一种数字通信标准，能将电话、传真、计算机等各种现代化信息设备的信号都统一由一个数字通信网来传输。","previous_page":203,"next_page":205}