{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c10e658d-57f8-405b-9a17-dc45c392389c","title":"数字劳动与卡尔·马克思","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2405518376","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c10e658d-57f8-405b-9a17-dc45c392389c","id":"c10e658d-57f8-405b-9a17-dc45c392389c","uuid":"c10e658d-57f8-405b-9a17-dc45c392389c","title":"数字劳动与卡尔·马克思","normalized_title":"数字劳动与卡尔马克思","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"2405518376","isbns":["2405518376","9787010230115","9780415716161"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":592,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c10e658d-57f8-405b-9a17-dc45c392389c","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8E%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c10e658d-57f8-405b-9a17-dc45c392389c/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c10e658d-57f8-405b-9a17-dc45c392389c/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c10e658d-57f8-405b-9a17-dc45c392389c","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c10e658d-57f8-405b-9a17-dc45c392389c/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c10e658d-57f8-405b-9a17-dc45c392389c/search"},"page":{"printed_page":351,"pdf_page":372,"physical_index":372,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"688c2728e00423e40a71d4ff6e279f4ce7636b35b88d7e7f2372d700cccf4512"},"chapter":"第十一章 理论化社交媒体数字劳动①","content":"资本主义以一种毁灭性的辩证法把劳动和娱乐联系在一起。传统意义上讲，以享受性和娱乐的形式表现的玩耍知识是资本主义业余时间的一个组成部分，而业余时间是非生产性的，与劳动分开的。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德(SigmundFreud，1961)认为，驱动结构是由爱神（对生命、性、欲望的驱动)和死神即萨纳托斯(对死亡、毁灭、侵略的驱动)的辩证关系定义的。人类为了恒久的爱(快乐原则）的实现而奋斗，但文化只会可能通过对爱神的暂时的否定和暂停以及色情能量转化成为文化和劳动。劳动是去性化的生产性形式抑制性冲动。弗洛伊德在这种背景下讲到了现实原则或升华原则。现实原则否定快乐原则，人类文化否定人性，成为人的第二天性。马尔库塞(1955)把弗洛伊德的驱动力理论与马克思的资本主义理论联系起来。他认为，异化劳动、统治和资本积累已将现实原则转变为压抑性现实原则操作原则：异化劳动构成了对爱神的过度压抑。对快乐原则的压抑超过了文化上必要的压抑。马尔库塞将马克思关于必要劳动和剩余劳动或价值的概念与弗洛伊德人的驱动结构联系了起来，认为在动力层面上必要劳动相当于必要的压抑，剩余劳动对应于额外的压抑。这意味着，为了生存，社会需要一定数量的必要劳动(以工作时数衡量)，因此也需要对快乐原则进行一定程度的压抑(也以小时为单位)。对剩余价值的剥削(免费进行并产生利润的劳动）不仅意味着工人被迫在一定程度上免费为资本而工作，而且还意味着必须进一步压抑享乐原则。\n\n第十一章理论化社交媒体数字劳动\n\n351","previous_page":350,"next_page":352}