{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c27a70cd-8360-4b30-b39d-33b39eac0b68","title":"剩余价值学说史 《资本论》第4卷 1","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787564038502","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c27a70cd-8360-4b30-b39d-33b39eac0b68","id":"c27a70cd-8360-4b30-b39d-33b39eac0b68","uuid":"c27a70cd-8360-4b30-b39d-33b39eac0b68","title":"剩余价值学说史 《资本论》第4卷 1","normalized_title":"剩余价值学说史资本论第4卷1","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787564038502","isbns":["9787564038502"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":341,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c27a70cd-8360-4b30-b39d-33b39eac0b68","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%89%A9%E4%BD%99%E4%BB%B7%E5%80%BC%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%B4%E5%8F%B2%20%E3%80%8A%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%AE%BA%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC4%E5%8D%B7%201","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c27a70cd-8360-4b30-b39d-33b39eac0b68/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c27a70cd-8360-4b30-b39d-33b39eac0b68/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c27a70cd-8360-4b30-b39d-33b39eac0b68","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c27a70cd-8360-4b30-b39d-33b39eac0b68/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c27a70cd-8360-4b30-b39d-33b39eac0b68/search"},"page":{"printed_page":26,"pdf_page":43,"physical_index":43,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4451085509c2e39e6b71b6e7e31aacdfd3235ea4343120544aebf6d7175ce4d2"},"chapter":"剩余价值学说史","content":"“经营（商业）的必要，是荷兰的特色。……这种必要，是由该国人口过多的现象引起的。此外，那里又需有许多劳动，去筑堤，去排水。因此，经营商业，在荷兰，比在世界有人居住的任何处，都更觉得必要了。”(前书第60页)\n\n马希比休谟还更坚决的，把利息视为只是利润的一部分；他们两个都由资本的蓄积（马希特别说到节约）及由此引起的利润的下落，来说明利息的下落。但他们两个都几乎没有说到商业利润本身的起源。\n\nV． 杰姆士·斯杜亚爵士®\n\n一切的经济学者，都犯这样一种错误；那就是，不把剩余价值纯粹地当作剩余价值来考察，却在利润和地租那种种特殊的形态下，去考察它。必然会由此生出的理论上的错误，我们会进一步在第三章指示出来；在那里，我们将分析，剩余价值当作利润会采取怎样的转化形态。\n\n在重农主义派以前，剩余价值——就是利润，是在利润的姿态上的—是完全由交换，由商品在其价值以上售卖这一件事去说明的。杰姆士·斯杜亚爵士(Sir James Steuart)，大体说来，也没有脱却这种愚陋的见地，也许必须视为这种见地的科学的再生产者。我说“科学的”再生产者。个个资本家由商品售价高于其价值所得到的剩余价值是新富的创造这样一种幻想，是斯杜亚所没有的。他把积极的利润和相对的利润分别了。\n\n26\n\n剩余价值学说史\n\n① 这里，在原稿上面（第220页），是《剩余价值学说史》的系统说明的开始。K.","previous_page":25,"next_page":27}