{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c377f608-9f8d-4e82-acf0-78a48f7daa88","title":"技术与时间：2.迷失方向：人文与社会译丛","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544711999","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c377f608-9f8d-4e82-acf0-78a48f7daa88","id":"c377f608-9f8d-4e82-acf0-78a48f7daa88","uuid":"c377f608-9f8d-4e82-acf0-78a48f7daa88","title":"技术与时间：2.迷失方向：人文与社会译丛","normalized_title":"技术与时间2迷失方向人文与社会译丛","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787544711999","isbns":["9787544711999"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":306,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c377f608-9f8d-4e82-acf0-78a48f7daa88","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%EF%BC%9A2.%E8%BF%B7%E5%A4%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%AF%91%E4%B8%9B","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c377f608-9f8d-4e82-acf0-78a48f7daa88/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c377f608-9f8d-4e82-acf0-78a48f7daa88/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c377f608-9f8d-4e82-acf0-78a48f7daa88","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c377f608-9f8d-4e82-acf0-78a48f7daa88/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c377f608-9f8d-4e82-acf0-78a48f7daa88/search"},"page":{"printed_page":15,"pdf_page":24,"physical_index":24,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"51529df065aae68fcb03170972531bdbb31144a7f5829e3ce7fe7021bf2d5544"},"chapter":"第一章拼写文字的时代","content":"2.照片的确凿性衔接过去与现实\n\n探讨现代技术中所谓参照物问题的两部杰作当属本雅明的论述和巴尔特的最后一本书。①\n\n巴尔特在《明室》中昭示的现象学目的是：\n\n找到照相的自明性，即任何看照片之人都可见的、在他眼中有别于其他图像的东西②。\n\n巴尔特谈到的参照对象问题揭示了“把被摄物与死亡融为一体”③的照相关系。我们可以直实地看到已逝即一去不复返之物。照片中的过去就是现在，逝去之物仍栩栩如生。照片“意味着逝者回归'到自身形象及自身形象现象的结构中”。照片的意向性是参照性，即被摄物曾经存在的确凿性。\n\n我称之为“被摄物”的东西不是某图像或某符号所指向的不一定真实的内容，而是曾置于镜头前的、必然真实的、缺之便不成其为照片的东西。而绘画却可以在未曾眼见的情况下虚构现实。\n\n言语一向有虚构和泛指的可能性：相反，“我绝不可能否认照片上的东西曾经存在过。这里有相互关联的双重状态：现实与过去”④。这种关联构成照片的确凿性原则。照相的意向性正是在这种对照相本质的追求中构成的，照相的意向对象是“曾经在此”。\n\n第一章拼写文字的时代\n\n①雅克·德里达：《心灵，发明他者》,第277页，巴黎，Galilée，1987年版。\n\n②罗兰·巴尔特：《明室》,Le Seuil,电影手册丛书。\n\n③《心灵,发明他者》,第291页。\n\n④《明室》。\n\n015","previous_page":14,"next_page":16}