{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":100,"pdf_page":112,"physical_index":112,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4d7ead19815a881e7c1c2500f32a39afb4c45694628a24398e8d5a488cad837a"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"差别原则的另一优点是它提供了对博爱原则的一个解释。与自由、平等相比较，博爱观念在民主社会中地位较次要。它被看作是较不专门的一个政治概念，本身并不定义任何民主的权利，而只是表达某些心灵态度和行为类型，没有它们，我们就看不到这些权利所表现的价值。①或者与此紧密关联，博爱被认为是体现了某种社会评价方面的平等，这种平等表现于各种公共习俗和对奴颜婢膝的鄙弃中。②博爱无疑含有这些意思，以及一种公民友谊和社会团结的意义，但如此理解就意味着它不表达任何确定的要求。我们还是必须发现一个适应这一根本观念的正义原则。而差别原则看来正相应于博爱的一种自然意义，即相应于这样一个观念：如果不是有助于状况较差者的利益，就不欲占有较大的利益。家庭在其理想观念中（也常常在实践中）是一个拒绝最大限度地增加利益总额之原则的地方。一个家庭的成员通常只希望在能促进家庭其他人的利益时获利。那么按照差别原则行动正好也产生这一结果。那些处境较好者愿意只在一种促进较不利者的利益的结构中占有他们的较大利益。\n\n①见】.R.彭诺克：《自由主义的民主：它的优点和结构》《纽约，莱因哈特公司，1950年版），第94页以后。\n\n②见R.B，培里：《清教主义与民主》（纽约，先锋出版社1944年版)，第19章第8字。\n\n100","previous_page":99,"next_page":101}