{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":128,"pdf_page":140,"physical_index":140,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"58e024ca7dfe1a83509830c9386e66bc301f933c7cd80d5b507c9cf5a1618ef4"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"第四个条件是：一种正当观必须对各种冲突的要求赋予一种次序。这一限制是直接从正当原则调整各种冲突要求的作用中产生的。然而，在决定何为次序的问题上存在困难，我们显然期望一种完全的正义观，即一种能排列所有能够出现(或可能出现)的要求的次序的正义观。这一次序一般应是传递性的(transiiive):比方说，如果第一种社会基本结构的安排被排列得比第二种正义程度要高：第二种又比第三种要高，那么第一种也就应当比第三种要高。这些形式的限制条件是足够自然的，虽然不总是容易满足的。①这种次序是否能靠竞争来裁决呢(trial by combat)?毕竟，身体的和武装的冲突会产生另一种次序，某些要求会战胜另一些要求。我们反对这种次序的主要理由并不是说它可能是非传递的次序，而是要避免通过诉诸力量和诡计来接受正当和正义的原则。这样我们就假定每个根据威胁而得胜的观念不是一种正义观。它并没有建立一种必要的次序，这种次序的根据应是人们的某些独立干他们的社会地位或威胁强制能力的有关方面和状况。①\n\n①有关有序性与选择关系的讨论，见斯恩的《集体选择与社会福利》（旧金，霍尔登-戴公司，1970年版）第1章和第1章注；阿罗的《社会选择与个体价值》(第2版，纽约，约翰·威利父子公司，1963年）第2罩。\n\n128","previous_page":127,"next_page":129}