{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":200,"pdf_page":212,"physical_index":212,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d1c52b89d1ec4bb9e3383d71e7321b743775d47d55325d065fd55bcdc83daf8b"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"显然，这些理由是有说服力的。在某些环境中，它们即使不能证明大部分平等自由，至少也能证明其中的许多种。它们显然证明了：在有利的条件下，一种相当程度的自由是追求合理价值的一个先决条件。但是，即使密尔的富有说服力的论点也似乎没有证明所有人的平等自由。我们仍然需要一个对应于这种标准的功利假设的东西。人们必须假设个体之间有某种类似性，比方说，都具有从事活动的同等能力，具有作为连续存在物的人的利益，此外，当基本权利分配给个人时，还具有一种基本权利的边际值递减原则。如果缺少这些假设，对人类目标的推进就可能使一些人受压制，或至少使某种准许的自由受到限制。每当一个社会开始最大限度地追求总的内在价值或利益满足的净余额时，我们就很容易看到，在这种单一目标的名义下，对一部分人的自由的否认受到了辩护。当平等的公民权的自由建立在目的论原则的基础上时，这些自由就是不可靠的。有关目的论原则的论证是建立在靠不住的计算上和有争议的、不确定的前提上的。\n\n①这三个理由见《论白》第3常。不能把它们与密尔在其它地方所给出的理由智混淆，例如在第2幸中，密尔强调了自由制度的种种有益功效。\n\n200","previous_page":199,"next_page":201}