{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":231,"pdf_page":243,"physical_index":243,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c0a202a36fd3aa87cf067fb942f19ce09ae447e3e4423d710b99ddde622fc39c"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"从前面的评论来看，我们显然需要一种对刑事制裁的解释不管这种解释对理想的理论来说是多么有限。在人类生活的正常条件下，这样一种安排是必要的。我坚持认为，为这些制裁辨护的原则可以从自由原则中推演出来。无论无何，在这种情况中，理想的观念展示出非理想的体系应当如何被确立；这一点也肯定了以下推测：即构成基础的正是理想的理论。我们也看到责任原则不是建立在这样一个观念上：即认为惩罚主要是报复和恐吓。相反，责任原则被看成是为了自由本身。除非公民能知道何为法律，并得到一种公平的机会来考虑法律所颁布的各种指令，否则刑事制载就不应该运用于他们。这个原则仅仅是把一个法律体系看成为一种为调节理性人的合作而向他们提出的公开规则的命令这一看法的结果，是赋予自由以适当份量的结果。我相信，这样一种责任的观点能使我们解释刑法之所以承认以犯罪意图的名义作出的许多辨解和辨护的原因，相信这种责任观点可用来指导法律改革。不过，在这里我不能继续讨论这些观点。①我们只注意到下面一点也就足够了：即理想的理论要求把刑事制裁解释为一种维持稳定的手段，同时表明部分服从理论的这个部分应该怎样被设计。具体些说，自由的原则导向责任的原则。\n\n①关于这些问题，可参考ⅡL.A，哈特：《惩罚和责任》（牛津，克莱伦候出版社，1968年版），第173一183页。送生我速衍他的观点。\n\n231","previous_page":230,"next_page":232}