{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":238,"pdf_page":250,"physical_index":250,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"dbe448a24177d349707b236f0c130b1a4f4017a49969b74882891cea00406542"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"在这些评论中，我一直假设，正是那些拥有较少自由者总是必须得到补偿。我们要经常从他们的观点来评价境况(象从立宪公议或立法阶段来看一样）。那么，正是这个限制实际上使下面一点明确了：即只有当奴隶制和农奴制排除了更坏的不正义时，它们（至少是它们的那些为我们熟悉的形式）才是可容忍的。可能有一些过渡的情形，在那里实行奴隶制比当时的惯例要好些。例如，假设各城邦以前不带回战俘，而总是处死战俘，现在城邦则根据协议同意把战俘当作奴隶。虽然我们不能根据一些人的较大利益超过其他人的损失这一点容忍奴隶制，但是在这些条件下，由于所有人都冒有在战争中成为战俘的危险，所以这种形式的奴隶制比起当时的惯例不正义的程度要轻一些；至少这种奴隶状态不是世袭的（让我们假设），而是由多少平等的各城邦的自由公民普遍接受的。如果奴隶没有受到十分残酷的对待的话，这种安排作为相对于既定制度的一种进步来看是能得到辩护的。它大概最终要被完全摒弃，因为交换战俘是一种更理想的安排，放回某一共同体的被俘者比奴隶服役更可取。但是所有这些考虑，不管多么奇特，都不倾向于用自然的、历史的限制来证明世袭的奴隶制或农奴制是正当的。此外，人们在这一方面不能诉诸于必然性，或至少不能诉诸于这些奴隶制安排有利于较高文化形式发展的重大优越性。正如我以后要讨论的那样，至善原则在原初状态中应该遭到拒绝（见第50节）。\n\n238","previous_page":237,"next_page":239}