{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":252,"pdf_page":264,"physical_index":264,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d8a610805d20316bc2504e336ad26f2493bb8e027cf3146c6a8d345b128426e6"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"上述考虑的要点在于：作为公平的正义可以说不受现存的需要和利益的支配。它为对社会制度的评判建立了一个阿基米德支点，而没有诉诸先验根据。社会发展的长期目标的主要方面已被确定，而不管现在成员的特殊愿望和需求是什么。既然制度要孕育正义美德并遏制与正义美德不相容的愿望和抱负，那么一个理想的正义观就被规定了。当然，变革的步伐和任何特定时期所需的特殊改革都依赖于当时的条件。但是，正义观、一种正义社会的普遍形式以及与此相容的个人的理想却不具有类似的依赖性。下面的问题并不存在：即人们扮演优越者或卑微者的愿望是否可能并未强烈到接受独裁制度的程度，或者人们对他人宗教实践的理解是否可能并未混乱到压制良心自由的地步。我们也不必发问：在合理的有利条件下，专家治国且又独裁的制度所带来的经济利益是否大到足以证明牺牲基本自由的作法的正当性，当然，上述评论假设了两个被选择的正义原则所依赖的一般前提是正确的。但是，如果它们是正确的话，这类问题就已经根据这些原则被解决了。我们的正义观蕴含着某些制度形态。这种观点与至善论具有同一性质：即确立了一种约束着对于现存欲望追求的有关个人的理想。在这一方面，作为公平的正义和至善论都是与功利主义对立的。\n\n252","previous_page":251,"next_page":253}